Ethical Theories

Question 1

an idea formulated following verifiable observation of some phenomenon

Answer 1

theory

Question 2

ethical theory that excludes consequences when making moral decisions or performing moral acts
“good will”
also called non-consequentialism

Answer 2

deontology

Question 3

mandates that each act or action should be evaluated according to the situation to ascertain whether it is right or wrong
they are no rules or guidelines to govern our behavior

Answer 3

non-consquentialism (act)

Question 4

maintains that there are one or more rules which maybe derived from the nature of a situation which serves as moral standards for ethical decision making

Answer 4

non-consquentialism (rule)

Question 5

we should act in such a way as to will the maxim (a statement of general truth) of our action to become universal law

Answer 5

Kant’s Categorical Imperative

Question 6

six categories of duties

Answer 6

fidelity, gratitude, justice, beneficence, self-improvment, malfeasance

Question 7

faithfulness or accuracy in details

Answer 7

fidelity

Question 8

the quality of being impartial or fair

Answer 8

justice

Question 9

doing good

Answer 9

beneficence

Question 10

doing harm

Answer 10

malfeasance

Question 11

ethical theory that deems the main focus of an act or action should be the consequences when deciding what course of action should be taken to solve ethical problems
the ends justify the means
also called consequentialism

Answer 11

teleology

Question 12

the promotion of the best long-term interest of the individual

Answer 12

egoism

Question 13

pursue their own best long-term interests

Answer 13

personal egoism

Question 14

believe that everyone should choose the act or actions that promotes his or her best interests over the long term

Answer 14

impersonal egoism

Question 15

the theory that we should act to produce the greatest ratio of good to evil for all concerned
actions are right if they promote happiness and pleasure for every concerned and wrong if they produce pain and no pleasure

Answer 15

utilitarianism

Question 16

asserts that the correct act is one that produces the greatest ratio of good to bad
no specific moral rules are considered, only the act or action itself

Answer 16

utilitarianism (act)

Question 17

actions should be based on the consequences of the rule or rules under which an act or action falls, not on the consequences of the act or action itself

Answer 17

utilitarianism (rule)

Question 18

study of rational processes for determining the most morally desirable course of action in the face of conflicting value choices associated with the practice of medicine
developed in the 1960

Answer 18

bioethics

Question 19

interpersonal ethical relationship between patient and physician

Answer 19

micro ethics

Question 20

based on higher level authority (congress, state legislature, insurance companies, etc)

Answer 20

macro ethics