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morality > ethical theories > Flashcards

ethical theories Flashcards

1
Q

“duty driven ethics”

A

deontology

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2
Q

ultimate goal in life is to reason

A

deontology

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3
Q

“free will produces more misery than all natural disasters combined”

A

deontology

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4
Q

universal good will is the basis of all morality

A

deontology

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5
Q

courage, intelligence, and self-control are morally neutral because they can be used for good or for evil

A

deontology

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6
Q

testing the goodness of an act:

  1. what if everyone did this?
  2. do unto others as you would want to have done unto you
  3. one may not do evil so that good may result (the end does not justify the means)
A

deontology

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7
Q

“a person has good will if he or she chooses to obey moral laws for the sake of moral law itself” (doing good simply because it is the right thing to do)

A

deontology

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8
Q

“moral acts are only praiseworthy purely because they are the right thing to do, not because we may gain from it, not because we want to, and not because it feels good to do it”

A

deontology

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9
Q

morally wrong = bad
morally neutral = never had opportunity, or simply wanting to do the right thing, or not having a desire to do bad
morally good = doing something because you know it is right

A

deontology

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10
Q

never look at the consequences because we have no control over them; our only duty is to do the right thing at all times

A

deontology

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11
Q

people have intrinsic value

A

deontology

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12
Q

John Stuart Mill

A

utilitarianism

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13
Q

looks only at the consequences of the act; the consequences alone decide whether the act is good or evil

A

utilitarianism

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14
Q

the purpose of morality is to make the world a better place

A

utilitarianism

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15
Q

“morality is about producing good consequences, not having good intentions”

A

utilitarianism

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16
Q

do whatever will bring the most benefit

A

utilitarianism

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17
Q

Church warns against this ethical theory because it looks only at the consequences and ignores the act itself

A

utilitarianism

18
Q

the principle of utility = the right choice is the one that results in the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people

A

utilitarianism

19
Q

in order to be fair, when looking at the consequences of an action, you must be selfless; the good of many > the good of few…even if you are one of the few

A

utilitarianism

20
Q

“making moral decisions is a mathematical process of weighing probable positive and negative consequences”

A

utilitarianism

21
Q

the end justifies the means

A

utilitarianism

22
Q

“no act is evil if the good that results is sufficiently greater”

A

utilitarianism

23
Q

wrongly assumes that:

  • we have no bias or blindspots
  • we aren’t affected by any negative cultural values
  • we never rationalize our actions so that we can do what we want
  • we have nothing left to learn
  • as can see all of the short term and long term effects of our actions on ourselves and society
  • we are omniscient and all-knowing
A

utilitarianism

24
Q

Aristotle

A

virtue ethics

25
Q

focuses on the process of becoming rather than every individual act

A

virtue ethics

26
Q

final goal = telos

A

virtue ethics

27
Q

happiness is our telos; anything that anyone does is to make them happy (or so they believe)

A

virtue ethics

28
Q

subjective happiness: varies from person to person (ex. fishing fun for one person but not for another)

A

virtue ethics

29
Q

objective happiness: makes all human beings happy…living a virtuous life

A

virtue ethics

30
Q

people have a set character, disposition, or personality

A

virtue ethics

31
Q

non-rational part of the brain: appetitive nature, passions, emotions, desires, feelings (can bring joy or misery)

A

virtue ethics

32
Q

rational part of the brain: thinks, deliberates, knows right from wrong

A

virtue ethics

33
Q

“a person’s character is determined by the relationship between the rational and appetitive parts”

A

virtue ethics

34
Q

form good habits so that our rational brain can control our appetitive nature

A

virtue ethics

35
Q

virtuous: becomes second nature; we are in control of our passions and thus are free to choose our behavior

A

virtue ethics

36
Q

vice: become slaves to our habits of vice

A

virtue ethics

37
Q

being virtuous = doing virtuous things = liking one’s self = happiness

A

virtue ethics

38
Q 
pride - humility
anger - kindness
greed - generosity
envy - love
gluttony - temperance
lust - self control
sloth - zeal
A

virtue ethics

39
Q

“seek the opposite virtue for your vice”

A

virtue ethics

40
Q

Immanuel Kant

A

deontology

morality (1 decks)

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