Ethical Reasoning Flashcards
What are the three Ps of ethical reasoning?
Principles
Particulars
Perspectives
What are three main areas of Principles?
Professional Codes
Moral Theories
Ethical Principles
Give an example of a professional code:
Hippocratic Oath
Declaration of Geneva
Declaration of Helsinki (research)
GMC Duties of a Doctor
What are the three key moral theories?
Deontology
Utilitarianism
Virtue Ethics
What are the features of Deontology?
Rules-based: it is morally right to obey the law
E.g. Do not kill
Give an example of a medical application of Deontology:
Duty of Care
Duty of Confidentiality
(Any duty)
What is the theory of Utilitarianism/Consequentialism? (consider them to be the same for medicine)
The morally right thing to do depends on the consequences
Give an example of a medical application of Utilitarianism/Consequentialism:
Best Interest Decisions
Resource Allocation
What is the theory underpinning Virtue Ethics?
Morally right action is achieved by using the relevant ‘virtues’
Give an example of a medical application of Virtue Ethics:
Concept of the ‘good’ doctor
Apprenticeship model of Medicine - the ‘hidden curriculum’
What are Ethical Principles?
Principles derived from theories and values - can be more useful, but only as guidance
Give 4 examples of Ethical Principles:
Respect for Autonomy
Non-Maleficence / Avoid Harm
Sanctity of Life
Protect the Vulnerable
What are Particulars in relation to Ethical Reasoning?
The specifics of the case
Consider the context
Compare
Ensure consistency of judgment
Whose perspectives are important in the context of Ethical Reasoning?
Patient
HCP
Family
Society
