Ethical Pronciples Flashcards
The most common nosocomial infection is:
urinary tract infection
These microorganisms occur as yeasts or molds and can infect the skin, nail beds, and scalp.
Fungi
Which of the following are involved in the cycle of infection?
(1) Reservoir
(2) Susceptible host
(3) Mode of transmission
1, 2 And 3
Failing to disinfect the x-ray table or vertical Bucky between patients spreads microorganisms via the ________ route.
fomite
When taking a radiograph of a patient with a contagious disease, the “dirty” radiographer:
positions the patient
Nosocomial infections are those that are contracted:
Within a hospital
A patient placed under airborne precautions requires a bedside chest radiograph. The radiographer must follow Standard Precautions and must don:
a particulate respirator
Which of the following is considered to be a form of medical asepsis?
Hand washing
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by.
HIV virus
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an inexpensive environmental surface germicide that is effective against HIV is a solution of:
1 part sodium hypochlorite (bleach) to 10 parts water
Which of the following is an airborne-transmitted pathogen encountered in the health care environment.
Tuberculosis
The practice of isolating infectious patients from others and carefully controlling items that come in contact with these patients is called:
transmission-based precautions
Which of the following methods of sterilization is a new and safer method of sterilizing heat- and moisture-sensitive items in hospitals?
Gas plasma technology
Which type of hepatitis should all health care workers be vaccinated against?
Hepatitis B
Which of the following may be transmitted via airborne means?
(1) Tuberculosis
(2) Rubeola
(3) Varicella
1,2 &3
Health care workers occupationally-infected with HIV have been infected most commonly as the result of:
needle stick injuries
According to the guidelines for Standard Precautions, what should be the first step before entering the room of a patient who is under protective precautions?
Perform hand hygiene
Standard Precautions are defined as:
protective guidelines used to protect against disease transmission
Medical asepsis is defined as the total destruction of all pathogens and their spores by chemical means.
False
Which of the following are practices or procedures of medical asepsis?
(1) Hand hygiene
(2) Proper disposal of contaminated items
(3) Environmental control
1,2 & 3
How often should the x-ray table be cleaned?
After every procedure
Contaminated needles and syringes should be discarded in:
special puncture-proof biohazard containers
The complete removal of all pathogens and spores from equipment used for invasive procedures defines:
surgical asepsis
Which of the following is a true statement about moist heat sterilization?
It is the most efficient and convenient method.
The proper method to cleanse the skin for an invasive radiographic procedure is to swab with a sterile antiseptic solution:
in a circular motion from the inside to the outside
When opening a sterile kit or package, in which direction is the outermost flap opened?
Away from the body
When donning complete sterile attire, which of the following should be put on first, after hand hygiene is complete?
Hair and shoe covers
What is the proper method to remove sterile gloves after changing a sterile dressing?
Grasp the outside of the first glove and turn inside out as you remove it.
When donning complete sterile attire, which of the following should be put on first, before performing a surgical scrub as hand hygiene?
Hair and shoe covers
Which of the following is required when imaging a patient in contact isolation while in the radiology department?
(1) Particulate respirators
(2) Gloves
(3) Gown
2, 3
The Center for Disease Control (CDC) most recently recommended which agent(s) for routine decontamination of hands not visibly soiled?
Waterless antiseptic agent
What is the best method of interrupting the mode of transmission of organisms?
Using infection prevention and control measures
What is the best protection against transmission of bloodborne pathogens?
Adhere to Universal Precautions
What is the first action necessary during a decontamination procedure?
Wear clean gloves
What is the purpose of an exposure control plan for bloodborne pathogens?
Eliminate or minimize employee exposure
When caring for a client who has Hepatitis A, which type of precautions should the nurse use?
Contact precautions
Which is the major cause of occupational HIV transmission?
Hypodermic needle
Which list contains only body fluids that are important potential sources of HIV, HBV, and HCV infections?
Blood or body fluids containing blod or semen
Which of the following incidents is considered an occupational exposure to a bloodborne pathogen?
Respiratory therapist experiences a contaminated needle punture
Which of the following is a bloodborne disease?
Hepatitis C
Which of the following is a major source of Hepatitis B (HBV)?
Chronic carriers
Which of the following is considered a contaminated sharp?
Hypodermic needle
Which of the following is the best policy regarding disposal of sharps?
Never recap
Which of the following is the most common chronic bloodborne infection in the United States?
HCV
Which of the following should the healthcare professional consider to be of greatest priority when implementing infection control measures?
Minimize transmission of orgainisms from reservoir to client
Which of the following statements is true regarding CDC guidlines for immunization against HBV (Hep B)?
Recommended for those who come into contact with blood or other potentially infectious body fluids on the job
Which regulation has OSHA developed for preventing bloodborne infections?
Universal precautions
You are planning to work today as a healthcare professional in a howpital setting. When assessing yourself for signs of non-intact skin, which finding concerns you the most?
Burns on both hands
You must use personal protective equipment in which of the following situations?
Performing an oral exam of teeth
What is nonverbal communication?
The use of non-vocal means; i.e., using gestures and facial expressions to send messages.
The tone and volume of your voice are factors of:
Verbal communications
Which of the following must be used carefully in communications in order to avoid misunderstandings?
(1) appropriate grammar
(2) direct eye contact
(3) humor
2 &3
Factors that affect nonverbal communications include:
Body language and appearance
Which of the following imaging scenarios would present a language barrier to communications?
A chest x-ray on a patient who does not speak the same language as you
Which of the following would be the best option to inform an adult patient that you have to perform an acute abdominal series?
“I’m going to take some x-rays on your abdomen. I’ll need you to stand for one and lie on your back on the table for another.”
Which of the following would be the best practice when imaging a patient who is sedated?
Explain the procedure in the same voice tone and manner as you would if the patient were conscious.
What is empathy?
The ability to understand and perceive the emotions of others
Which of the following is an undesirable communications trait that is defined as an expression of anger and hostility towards others?
Aggression
Which of the following are key attitudes in professional communications?
(1) expressing a balance of sympathy and empathy
(2) treating others with respect and kindness
(3) being a good role model
1, 2 and 3
Which of the following expressions generally have a negative effect on one’s professional attitude?
Rudeness
Pet names, such as “Honey,” are generally most offensive to:
Geriatric patients
Which age group is likely to become combative when afraid?
Toddlers and preschool age
Which feedback and listening skill entails verbally expressing the main idea of the message back to the communicator?
Restate
What is the purpose of using the “3Rs” during interpersonal communications?
To build rapport and convey listening and understanding
Responding, restating, and reflecting
How is observation used in interpersonal communications?
To check for congruency between the patient’s verbal responses and nonverbal cues
It is acceptable and professional to answer a patient’s questions regarding what you see in the images.
False
Determining the chief complaint is usually:
The first step in obtaining a patient history.
Having a strong religious belief when dealing with loss can often result in:
Increased comfort
Which stage of grief is characterized by a recognition of the new reality and the ability to reconnect with others?
Acceptance
The principle in medical ethics stating that the information a patient reveals to a health care provider is private and has limits on how and when it can be disclosed to a third party defines:
Confidentiality
What is the purpose of HIPAA?
To standardize the exchange of electronic information and protect confidentiality.
With which of the following personnel would it be appropriate to discuss a patient’s case?
(1) radiologist
(2) attending nurse
(3) referring physician
1, 2, and 3
All of the following might be the cause of a fire in a health care facility except:
Grounded electrical plug
Which of the following are reasons to use immobilization?
(1) Increase radiation protection
(2) Improve image quality
(3) Reduce risk of imaging motion
1,2,3
Which type of fire extinguisher would be used on an electrical fire?
Class C
Which of the following is an important consideration when transferring patients who have IV infusions?
Keep the bag or bottle 18 to 20 inches above the insertion site.
Chemicals that are stored improperly are of greatest concern as a potential source of fire in imaging departments.
False
Which of the following immobilization techniques is most appropriate to aid an elderly patient in keeping their feet inverted for an AP projection of the pelvis?
Sandbags placed on outside of feet
Which of the following might cause a safety hazard?
An unsecured extension cord crossing a hallway floor
The patient is positioned lying on their left side with the right knee flexed and resting on the table in front of the left leg. Which term describes this position?
Sims
You discover the mobile unit emitting a slow, steady stream of smelly smoke. You remove all patients from the hallway and imaging department. What should you do next?
Report the fire using the appropriate method and procedure.
After your patient changes into a gown and places his belongings in the garment bag provided by the facility, he lays the bag on a countertop in the x-ray room. Which of the following would be the best response?
Ask the patient to give the bag to his wife for safe keeping.
A sweeping motion is the most effective way to use a fire extinguisher.
True
Stability of the body is greatest when the line of gravity:
Bisects the base of support
Which of the following defines orthostatic hypotension?
A slight drop in blood pressure that occurs with changes in body position from recumbent to upright
Which of the following describes the best method to lift and carry an object?
Use a wide base of support and carry the object close to the center of gravity.
Which of the following is a method to reduce strain and injury for a radiographer who works trauma frequently?
Take care not to overextend reach when moving equipment and patients.
The study of the human body in motion defines:
Kinesiology
Which type of transfer is required for patients who are immobile and when there is not sufficient personnel available to assist?
Hydraulic lift
Which of the following items in the imaging department would be regulated by OSHA?
Location of eye wash stations
All of the following medications might increase the risk of falls except for:
Antihyperlipidemics
An accidental spill of a radioactive nuclide occurs in the nuclear medicine lab. Which of the following would be the best practice?
Stay at least 6 feet away from the contaminated area.
Ms. Cassie Fletcher, age 63, was admitted to the hospital this morning for some tests to determine what is causing her liver enzymes to be elevated. She is brought to radiology in a wheelchair for an abdominal ultrasound exam. Upon assessment, Ms. Fletcher states she is quite active and other than wearing bifocals and these “silly tests” she has no other health concerns and takes no medications. Which of the following would be the safest transfer method to move her from her wheelchair onto the stretcher for the scan?
Standby assist
Which of the following should be performed first before transferring an inpatient?
Checking the patient chart at the nurses’ station
Which of the following are safety rules regarding patient transfer?
(1) Check all equipment to be used for transfer for proper operation.
(2) Maintain awareness of orthostatic hypotension.
(3) Use good body mechanics.
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following might be used to increase comfort when the patient is positioned prone? (1) Placing a support under the flexed knees (2) Placing a radiolucent pad on the table (3) Resting the flexed arms and hands on the table near the head
2 and 3 only
Which safety rule is used when a stretcher is in motion and the patient is fully conscious?
The stretcher side rails should be upright and locked.
Identify the safety device that would be used with the position depicted in the diagram below.
Shoulder supports
Which of the following are rules of electrical safety?
(1) Regular inspection of equipment for worn wiring
(2) Turning off the power source prior to repairs
(3) Using qualified electricians for repairs
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following are common immobilization tools for use with pediatric patients? (1) Velcro band (2) Bookends (3) Plexiglass
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following are purposes of incident reporting? (1) Identifying potential hazards (2) Helping determine legal liability (3) Assigning blame
1 and 2 only
Which of the following injuries are common in imaging professionals?
(1) Repetitive stress injuries
(2) Shoulder strains
(3) Lower back strains
1,2,3
Which of the following is an indication of liver failure?
Jaundice skin color
A creatinine level above the normal range is a significant indication of:
Impaired renal function
A fast heartbeat, usually defined as faster than 100 beats per minute, is termed:
Tachycardia
Which of the following are essential components of a patient history?
(1) Previous surgeries
(2) Alleviating factors
(3) Duration of problem
1, 2, and 3
What is the normal oral temperature for adults?
98.6 °F
Presence of fever, hypertension, and hematuria are all symptoms specific to:
The urinary system
What does the diastolic number of a blood pressure measurement measure?
Arterial pressure during relaxation of the heart
Which of the following is an example of a closed question that would be relevant to obtaining a patient history for a foot x-ray examination?
Did your doctor tell you why you need your foot x-rayed?”
Which of the following tools is used to measure pulse rate?
Palpation of surface artery and second hand on a watch
What does abbreviation PRN (prn) mean?
As needed or as necessary
Normal systolic blood pressure range for adults is:
110-120 mm Hg
Which temperature reading would constitute fever?
102 °F (oral)
