Ethical Principles & Theories

Question 1

Beneficence

Answer 1

Priority to do what is GOOD
Related to utilitarianism
I.e. “doing good” is improving a patient’s health through treatment by a physician

Question 2

Least Harm

Answer 2

When neither option is beneficial, one chooses to do the least harm possible and to the fewest people

Question 3

Respect for Autonomy

Answer 3

People should reign over themselves and be able to make decisions that apply to their lives
People should have as much control over their lives as possible
An extension of beneficence
Paternalistic - person’s best interests are prized over their best wishes (leads to decreased beneficence)
Libertarian - Prioritizes patient’s best wishes over their best interest

Question 4

Justice

Answer 4

Prescribe actions that are fair to those involved
Decisions should be consistent with ethical theory unless extenuating circumstances (i.e. policeman speeding)
*Consistent logical basis supporting decision