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healthethics > ETHICAL PRINCIPLES > Flashcards

ETHICAL PRINCIPLES Flashcards

1
Q

These are the basic and obvious moral
truths that guide deliberation and action.

A

Ethical Principle

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2
Q

It implies that one considers others to be worthy of high regard.

A

Respect for persons

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3
Q

This relates to the practice of telling the truth.

A

Veracity

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4
Q

It is the widely accepted as a universal virtue

A

Truthfulness

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5
Q

These philosophers agree in favor of telling the truth

A

Immanuel Kant & John Stuart Mill

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6
Q

It promotes honesty as virtue and turth telling as an important function of nurses.

A

Nursing Literature

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7
Q

These disagree on the absolute necessary of truth telling in all instances

A

Bioethicists

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8
Q

This engenders respect, open communication, trust, and shared responsibility. It is promoted in all professional codes of nursing ethics.

A

Truth Telling

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9
Q

Suggests that true communication between people can take place only when there are no barriers between them.

A

Martin Buber, 1965

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10
Q

This creates barrier between people and prohibits both meaningful communication and building relationships.

A

Lying or deception

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11
Q

It suggests that manipulating information for
the purpose of controlling others is like using coercion to control them.

A

Jameton, 1984

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12
Q

Used to benefit the patient

A

Parentalism

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13
Q

Used against the patient

A

Fraud

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14
Q

It suggests that deceiving others may
constitute an unnecessary assumption of responsibility. When unfortunate consequences occur, the one responsible for the deception can also be assumed to be
responsible for consequences.

A

Jameton, 1984

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15
Q

Veracity has been described as desirable by

A

American Hospital Association (AHA)

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16
Q

Argues that physicians should deceive their patients or withhold information from them

A

Lipkin, 1991

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17
Q

Discusses special considerations that have been posed by the medical profession in relation to the truth-telling. He draws the distinction between lying and deception.

A

Joseph Ellin, 1991

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18
Q

It is purposely telling untruths

A

Lying

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19
Q

It is usually accomplished through nondisclosure.

A

Deception

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20
Q

Practices the physician’s deceiving patients in the name of beneficence.

A

Bok, 1991

21
Q

These terms are interrelated

A

Confidentiality and privacy

22
Q

Refers to the right of an individual to control information or secrets that are disclosed to others.

A

Privacy

23
Q

Fundamental right of an individuals

A

Privacy

24
Q

Demands nondisclosure of private secrets or information about other persons with which one is entrusted.

A

Ethical Principle of Confidentiality

25
Q

It is the only facet of patient care mentioned in the Nightingale Pledge.

A

Confidentiality

26
Q

“I w il l do a l l in my po w e r to e le va te the s ta nda rd
o f my pro fe s s io n a n d w ill h o ld in c o nfide nc e a ll
pe rs o n a l ma tte rs c o mmitte d to my ke e ping a nd
a ll fa mily a ffa i rs c o min g to my kno w le d ge in the
pr a c t ice o f my pr o fes s ion.
“

A

Nightingale Pledge.

27
Q

“W h at e v e r i n
co n n e ct io n w ith my pr o f e s s io n al pr act i ce , o r n o t in
co nne ct io n w ith it, I s e e o r he ar , in the life o f me n, w hich
o u gh t n o t t o be s po ke n o f a bro a d, I w i l l n o t di v u l ge , a s
reck oning that al l such should be kept secr et.
“

A

Physician’s Hippocratic Oath

28
Q

Ability to maintain privacy in one’s life

A

Expression of Autonomy

29
Q

They discussed the importance of privacy

A

Markus and Lockwood

30
Q

Basic ethical arguments in favor of maintaining the confidentiality

A

Individual’s right to control personal information and protect privacy

one of utility

31
Q

Various forms of Harm

A

embarrassment
ridicule
discrimination
deprivation of rights
physical or emotional harm
loss of roles or relationship

32
Q

It is applied when the nurse or other professional recognizes that maintaining the confidentiality will result in preventable wrongful harm to innocent people.

A

Harm Principle

33
Q

re c o gn i ze s th a t du ti e s o f
c o n fide n ti a l ity a re n o t a bs o lu te a nd ma y ne e d to be mo dif
i e d to pro te c t th e pa ti e n t, o th e r in n o c e n t pe o pl e , a n d in
c a ses o f m a nd a to ry d is c lo sure fo r p ub lic sa f ety

A

ANA CODE OF ETHICS FOR NURSES, 2001

34
Q

It is the important consideration in situations in which confidentiality conflicts with the duty to warn

A

Foreseeability

35
Q

The duty to protect others from harm is stronger when the third party is dependent on others or is in some way especially vulnerable

A

Vulnerability Principle

36
Q

It implies the risk or susceptibility to harm when vulnerable individuals a relative inability to protect themselves

A

Vulnerability

37
Q

Relates to the concept of faithfulness and practice of keeping promises

A

Ethical principle of fidelity

38
Q

Relates to the loyalty within the nurse-patient relationship

A

Principle of Fidelity

39
Q

re la te s to a pro c e s s by w h ic h
pa tie n t s a re in f o rme d o f th e po s s ible o u tc o me s,
a lt e rn a ti v e s, a n d r i s ks o f t re a tme n t s, a n d a re
requ ired to gi ve their co nsent f reely.

A

Informed consent

40
Q

a g end er- b ia sed term tha t litera lly
m ea ns a c ting in a fa therly m a nner.

A

Paternalism

41
Q

Traditional view of paternal actions

A

roles in leadership
benevolent decision making
protection
discipline

42
Q

is a non-ge nde r term that par al lels
the me an ing o f pa t ernal ism while av o idi ng ge nde r bi a s .

A

Parentalism

43
Q

translates to pr o fe s s io n al s w h o re s t rict o th e rs ‘ au
to n o my, u s u al ly to pr o te ct th at pe rs o n f ro m pe rce ive d o r
an tici pa t ed har m.

A

Concept of Parentalism

44
Q

Factors affecting decision making

A

economic consideration
lifestyle
values
role
culture
spiritual beliefs

45
Q

di s c u s s e s
pa t ernal ism as a be nevo lent qu al ity

A

Medical Literature

46
Q

de s cr ibe s pa t e rnal ism in a
n e ga tive w a y. Nu rs e s o fte n th in k o f pa te rn a lis m a s
be hav io r that pr ecl ude s au tonomy

A

Nursing Literature

47
Q

ge n e ra l ly th o u gh t o f a s
d e n o tin g a n u n w il lin g n e s s o f th e pa tie n t to pa rtic ipa te in
he al th ca r e a c t ivities .

A

Noncompliance

48
Q

Variety of reasons in why patients unable to comply

A

LACK OF RESOURCES
LACK OF KNOWLEDGE
LACK OF FAMILY SUPPORT
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS
CULTURAL BELIEFS

49
Q

BEAUTIFUL BEING

A

MARC DARYL MEMPIN

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