Ethical Legal and Social Issues

Question 1

ethical arguments FOR patents for novel pharmaceuticals

Answer 1

• justice: rewards inventors
• promotes useful consequences: new products, research
• promotes beneficence
• our country needs to be competitive
• if not permitted, useful info will become trade secrets

Question 2

ethical arguments AGAINST patents for novel pharmaceuticals

Answer 2

• justice: materialism produces excessive burdens on medicine and costs to consumers
• inappropriate control over resources that should be ‘common heritage’
• not all countries permit similar patents

Question 3

define equipoise

Question 4

define autonomy

Question 5

define a double blinded trial. Pros and cons

Question 6

define a placebo trial, Pros and cons

Question 7

define a randomised trial, pros and cons

Question 8

why is informant consent needed??

Question 9

explain the differences between medical care and medical research

Question 10

define utilitarianism

Question 11

define deontology

Question 12

define principalism

Question 13

4 core principles of biomedical ethics
examples of what each principle promotes

Question 14

what is the best practice associated with the recruitment of participants to medical research and how can this be achieved?

Question 15

Can you summarise what is involved in both [i] Scientific review and [ii] Research Ethics
Committee (REC) review of any clinical trial research proposal?