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Developments > Ethical Language (Meta Ethics) > Flashcards

Ethical Language (Meta Ethics) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the keyword? - A statement that is subject to being true or false.

A

Cognitive

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2
Q

What a normative ethic?

A

A theory that tells you how you ought to behave.

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3
Q

What is cognitive language?

A

Moral values that can be derived from sense experience.

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4
Q

What is non-cognitive language?

A

A theory that Ethical statements cannot be derived from sense experience. It isn’t describing the world, but expressing their feelings or telling someone what to do.

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5
Q

Who developed the Verification Principle?

A

A.J Ayer

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6
Q

What is an analytic statement?

A

A statement that is true by definition

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7
Q

What is a synthetic statement?

A

A statement that can be proven true or false by empirical evidence.

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8
Q

Give an example of a meaningless statement?

A

‘God is good’

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9
Q

An example of cognitive language concerning abortion

A

Abortion is wrong. Abortion has the property of wrongness. This statement is objectively true or false.

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10
Q

An example of non-cognitive language concerning abortion

A

Abortion is wrong, ‘I don’t like abortion’

Do not commit abortion.

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11
Q

Give an example of an analytic statement

A

‘A square has 4 corners’

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12
Q

Give an example of a synthetic statement

A

‘The wall is green’

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13
Q

What is logical positivism?

A

It is an applied scientific approach towards philosophy and ethics.

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14
Q

What is emotivism otherwise known as?

A

The Boo Hurrah theory

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15
Q

What does C.L Stevenson believe?

A

He believes that moral statements do express opinions but not in order to vent emotion.

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16
Q

What is simple subjectivism?

A

Emotivism can lead to the idea that “ where morality is concerned, there are no ‘facts’ and no one is ‘right’ “

17
Q

What meta-ethical theory did G.E Moore develop?

A

Intuitionism

18
Q

What is morality?

A

The examination of what we mean when we say that a thing or an action is good, bad, moral or immoral.

19
Q

What is ‘the naturalistic fallacy’?

A

The naturalistic fallacy is an attempt to derive a moral “ought” from an empirical “is.

20
Q

Give an example of ‘The naturalistic fallacy’

A

Poverty has always been with us, therefore we shouldn’t do anything to help the poor.

21
Q

What are ethical claims according to Ayer?

A

Meaningless - Because they can’t be empirically verified.

22
Q

What did Bertrand Russell contribute to emotivism?

A

Bertrand Russell claimed that moral judgements express a wish.

23
Q

What did Rudolph Carnap contribute to emotivism?

A

Rudolph Carnap considered ethical claims to be commands.

24
Q

What is ‘good’ according to G.E Moore? (Quote)

A

‘Good is good and that is they end of the matter’

25
Q

What did G.E Moore compare ‘good’ to when trying to express how he saw the meaning of the word ‘good’?

A

The colour yellow

26
Q

What is G.E Moore’s yellow example?

A

Good = Good, it is indefinable like the colour yellow, we know what yellow is but we are unable to define it.

27
Q

Who came up with Prima Facie Duties?

A

W.D Ross

28
Q

What does ‘prima facie’ mean?

A

at first appearance. This implies that they are intuitive.

29
Q

What are the 7 Prima Facie Duties?

A

keeping promises, gratitude, fairness, benevolence, non-malificence, self-improvement, reparation for harm

30
Q

Who criticised G.E Moore’s ‘yellow’ analogy?

A

Nietzsche

31
Q

What did Nietzsche argue when criticising G.E Moore’s ‘yellow’ analogy?

A

He argued that one person may see good as one thing whereas one may see good as another, suggesting the issue of - “ethical colourblindness”

32
Q

Who proposed Prescriptivism?

A

R.M Hare

33
Q

Is Prescriptivism cognitive or non-cognitive?

A

Non-cognitive

34
Q

Is Emotivism cognitive or non-cognitive?

A

Non-cognitive

35
Q

Is Intuitionism cognitive or non-cognitive?

A

Cognitive

36
Q

What did Peter Vardy accuse emotivism of being?

A

“hot air and nothing else”

37
Q

What did R.M Hare argue?

A

Hare argued that when we use ethical language, we are prescribing - or recommending - a course of action. ‘Good’, Hare argued, is an action statement.

Developments (6 decks)

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