Ethical Issues Related to Technology in the Delivery of Health Care

Question 1

“to protect the fundamental human right to privacy of
communication while ensuring free flow of information to promote
innovation and growth.

Inherent obligation to ensure that
personal information in information and communications systems
in government and private sectors are secured and protected.”

Answer 1

Republic Act No. 10173
DATA PRIVACY ACT

Question 2

❑The “Data Privacy Act“
❑To protect all forms of information, be it private, personal,
or sensitive.
❑To cover both natural and juridical persons involved in the
processing of personal information.

Answer 2

Republic Act No. 10173

Question 3

” it refers to any operation or any set of operations performed upon personal information including, but not limited to, the collection, recording, organization, storage, updating or modification, retrieval, consultation, use, consolidation, blocking, erasure, or destruction of data.

Answer 3

PROCESSING OF PERSONAL
INFORMATION

Section 3 of RA 10173

Question 4

” it refers to any information whether recorded in a material form or not, from which the identity of an individual is apparent or can be reasonably and directly ascertained by the entity holding the information, or when put together with other information would directly and certainly identify an individual.”

Answer 4

Personal Information

Question 5

Section 3 of RA 10173:
“It refers to any and all forms of data which under the Rules of Court and other pertinent laws constitute privileged communication.

Answer 5

Privileged Information

Question 6

Sensitive Personal Information

Answer 6

1. Person’s race, ethnic origin, marital status, age, color, religious,
   philosophical, and political affiliations.
2. Person’s health, education, genetic or sexual life, past offenses committed or allegedly committed by a person, or a court cases.
3. Social security numbers, health
   records, licenses, suspensions, tax returns.
4. Information established to be kept private by law.

Question 7

The Data Privacy Act explicitly states that its provisions are NOT applicable in the following cases:

Answer 7

A.
Person who IS or WAS an officer or an EMPLOYEE of a GOVERNMENT institution that relates to the position or functions of the individual.

Question 8

The Data Privacy Act explicitly states that its provisions are not applicable in the following cases:

Answer 8

B.
Information about an individual who is or was performing service under contract for a government institution that relates to the services performed, including the terms of contract, and the name of the individual given in the course of the performance of those services.

Question 9

The Data Privacy Act explicitly states that its
provisions are not applicable in the following cases:

Answer 9

C.
Information related to any discretionary benefit of a financial nature such as the granting of a license or permit given by the government to an individual, including the name of the individual and the exact nature of the benefit.

Question 10

The Data Privacy Act explicitly states that its
provisions are not applicable in the following cases:

Answer 10

D.
Personal information processed for journalistic, artistic, literary, or research purposes.

Question 11

The Data Privacy Act explicitly states that its
provisions are not applicable in the following cases:

Answer 11

E.
Information necessary for banks and other financial institutions under the jurisdiction of the independent, central monetary authority or Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas to comply with Republic Act No. 9510 and Republic Act No. 9160, known as the Anti-Money Laundering Act and other applicable laws.

Question 12

The Data Privacy Act explicitly states that its
provisions are not applicable in the following cases:

Answer 12

F.
Personal information originally collected from residents of foreign jurisdictions in accordance with the laws of those foreign jurisdictions, including any applicable data privacy laws, which is being processed in the Philippines.

Question 13

R. A. NO 10173 applies to:

Answer 13

• If the person, either an individual or an institution, involved in the processing of personal data is
located in the Philippines.

• The act or practice involves personal data of a Philippine citizen or Philippine resident.

• The processing of personal data is done in the Philippines.

• The act, practice or processing of personal data is done by an entity with links to the Philippines, subject to international law and comity.

Question 14

the application of scientific knowledge to the practical aims of human life or, as it is sometimes phrased, to the change and manipulation of the human environment.

Answer 14

TECHNOLOGY

Question 15

1.) COMMUNICATION

Answer 15

Benefits

Messaging is easy and there are plenty of options for these easy ways.
(Not to mention, cheap.)

CHALLENGES
Some things get lost in translation.
Communication becomes more distant, cold, and it can be easily misunderstood. It has made people impatient.

Question 16

2.) DATA COLLECTION

Answer 16

BENEFITS
For sellers, it’s easy to get data from customers and potential customers.

Social media also makes it easy for sellers to get to know their market and make it easier to reach out.

Anybody can make a form now that asks to fill up your name, address, age, birthday, etc.

CHALLENGES
There is lesser privacy. We’ve heard of data breaches or scams wherein people can make their own website that looks like a legit bank website.
It pays to be vigilant!

We also have hackers, not only social media accounts, but even banks and big companies can be hacked.

Answer 17

2.) DATA COLLECTION
For sellers, it’s easy to get data from customers and potential customers.
Social media also makes it easy for sellers to get to know their market and
make it easier to reach out. Anybody can make a form now that asks to fill up
your name, address, age, birthday, etc.
CHALLENGES
There is lesser privacy. We’ve heard of data breaches or scams wherein people
can make their own website that looks like a legit bank website. It pays to be
vigilant! We also have hackers, not only social media accounts, but even banks
and big companies can be hacked.

Question 18

3.) INFORMATION ACCESS

Answer 18

BENEFITS
It’s not only a person’s data that is easy to acquire, but Google has also
made it easier for everyone to learn and search for things.

CHALLENGES
Misinformation can easily spread. Patients nowadays can easily search their symptoms or research about a subject which leads to some to just self-diagnose and don’t get immediate treatment.

Also misinformation about
certain medications and vaccines which is of course, potentially dangerous.

Question 19

4.) DISTANCE WORK AND SCHOOL FROM HOME

Answer 19

BENEFITS
Attending classes or meetings through Zoom or Microsoft Teams has been the new classroom.

It made us more creative and forced us to work smarter.

CHALLENGES
It has become more stressful because there is now no boundary between school, work and home.

Most people right now report fatigue of being online almost 18 hours a day.

Question 20

5.) PATIENT CARE

Answer 20

BENEFITS
Technologies help us keep track of our health.

Tele-health or E-Health provides doctors that can hold virtual consultations, allowing the patient to be safe at home.

Modern technology also allows us to provide better patient service.

CHALLENGES
Less physical assessment of the patient Some information gets lost in the call.

Question 21

6.) DATA STORAGE

Answer 21

BENEFITS
A large like a terabyte of information can be hand carried. It saves space as well.

Digital information is also easier to find, all you need is a search bar and a click of a mouse.

It saves you time! If a hospital has a universal data system, one doctor can input in program and another doctor can see his input in real time from another venue.

Easy data transfer and passing it on to another health care worker.

CHALLENGES
Personal data nowadays is very attractive to hackers.

There have been multiple cases wherein big companies, even Facebook, experienced a data breach.

It has been said that these stolen
personal data are being sold online in the deep web for who knows what purpose!

If your computer gets wet and if you didn’t back up your data, it could be gone in a flash especially in cases wherein it gets wet or a virus corrupts it.

Answer 22

DATA STORAGE
A large like a terabyte of information can be hand carried. It saves space as well. Digital
information is also easier to find, all you need is a search bar and a click of a mouse. It
saves you time! If a hospital has a universal data system, one doctor can input in
program and another doctor can see his input in real time from another venue. Easy
data transfer and passing it on to another health care worker.
CHALLENGES
Personal data nowadays is very attractive to hackers. There have been multiple cases wherein
big companies, even Facebook, experienced a data breach. It has been said that these stolen
personal data are being sold online in the deep web for who knows what purpose! If your
computer gets wet and if you didn’t back up your data, it could be gone in a flash especially in
cases wherein it gets wet or a virus corrupts it

Question 23

supports decision-making and promotes quality health care delivery

Answer 23

H E A L T H I N F O R M A T I O N
T E C H N O L O G Y

Question 24

Hacker will lock up the data, making it inaccessible.

There are also some medical devices which are vulnerable due to manufacturer negligence when it comes to providing adequate security protections and the use of legacy
equipment by health care providers.

Answer 24

INCREASED CYBER
ATTACKS

Question 25

TELEHEALTH

The hospital and the patient’s home
should both have high-speed internet
to be able to provide/send excellent
video/photos/diagnostic data
transmission between the two. Aside
from that, it should also be affordable
especially for the patients.

Answer 25

Non-traditional
healthcare
delivery