Ethical implications of research studies and theory

Question 1

Define ethical implications

Answer 1

The consequence of any research and the effect it has on an individual or the way certain groups are regarded in society

Question 2

Define socially sensitive research?

Answer 2

Sieber and Stanley (1988) define it as studies in which there are potential consequences/ implications for participants in the research or the groups represented in the research

Question 3

What do Seiber and Stanley warn about the research questions of a study? Give an example

Answer 3

The way a question is phrased may influence the interpretations of findings
-for example, Kitzinger and Coyle found that research into relationships may be guilty of heterosexual bias in which they were judged and compared to heterosexual norms

Question 4

Why is dealing with participants important in the research process? Give an example

Answer 4

Issues such as informed consent, confidentiality and psychological harm may be important in socially sensitive research.
- pps in a study on domestic abuse may worry that their ex-partner will find out if confidentiality is not maintained
-psychological harm and distress may also arise from recounting traumatic events

Question 5

How is the way findings are used important in the research process. Give an example

Answer 5

The way findings may be used will influence the data that is collected. Findings from research may give scientific credibility to predjudices
For example,studies examining the ethnic basis of intelligence may be used to fulfil stereotypes

Question 6

One strength of socially sensitive research

Answer 6

may have benefits for groups that were studied
-For example, 1952 homosexuality was listed in the DSM-1 as a sociopathic personality disorder but was removed in 1973.
Kinseys report with 5000 annonymous men about their sexual behaviour concluded homosexuality is a typical expression of human behaviour
-shows that socially sensitive topics are important to tackle

Question 7

Why were ethical guidelines established?

Answer 7

to protect participants and guide researchers and reduce ethical implications of research

Question 8

Give a limitation of socially sensitive research in terms of the ‘benefit’ it may have on groups

Answer 8

In some studies there may be negative consequences for groups.
- For example, the finding of the genetuc basis of criminality found the criminal gene. This may imply that someomne should be excused from being convicted as they cannot be held responsible
-Thus when researching socially sensitive topics, we should carefully consider the outcomes

Question 9

Give a limitation of socially sensitive research

Answer 9

Poor research design may lead to erroneous findings that can have an impact on society if publicised.
For example, Burts creation of 11+ exam was based on twin studies that suggested intelligence was heritable, however many of research was fake and thus discredited however the 11+ is still used as a selection tool in many places although intellect may not have presented itself by 11.
-thus, research into socially sensitive topics should be planned carefully to ensure valid findings