ethical dimension of research proposal

Question 1

govern the complex nature of
human behavior

Answer 1

ETHICS

Question 2

determines: why one act is better than the other; to have an orderly social life.

Answer 2

ethics

Question 3

Consent process. Protection of subjects from harm. The balance of benefits and risks in a study.

Answer 3

Nuremberg code (1949)

Question 4

Investigators should protect life. Investigators should exercise greater care to protect subjects from harm in non-therapeutic research. Investigator should conduct research only when the importance of the objective outweighs the inherent risks and burdens to the subjects.

Answer 4

Declaration of Helsinki (1964)

Question 5

Encompasses the maxim: above all, do no harm

Answer 5

Beneficence

Question 6

Includes participants right to fair treatment and their right
to privacy.

Answer 6

Justice

Question 7

Humans should be treated as autonomous agents, capable of controlling their own activities. Prospective participants have the right to decide voluntarily whether to participate in a study, without risking any penalty or prejudicial treatment.

Answer 7

Right to Self-Determination

Question 8

It means that prospective participants have the right to know the details of treatment.

Answer 8

Right to Full Disclosure

Question 9

something that is due to someone by law or by tradition. It
is the fair selection and treatment of subjects during the course of a research study.

Answer 9

Right to fair treatment

Question 10

An ethical principle in research which states that researchers do not cause direct harm nor inflict unnecessary pain to the subjects of the study, although unanticipated harm may occur during its course.

Answer 10

NON MALEFICENCE

Question 11

Special groups of people whose rights in research studies need special protection because of their inability to provide meaningful informed consent or because their circumstances place them at higher-than-average-risk of adverse effects; examples include young children, the mentally retarded and unconscious patients.

Answer 11

VULNERABLE SUBJECTS

Question 12

participants have adequate information regarding the research, can comprehend the information, and have the power of free choice, enabling them to consent to or decline participation voluntarily.

Answer 12

Informed consent

Question 13

responsible for reviewing in universities, clinical agencies, and managed care centers involving human subjects for the express purpose of determining if the potential benefits of the investigation outweigh any risk that may be present to the subject.

Answer 13

Institutional review boards

Question 14

no apparent risk or harm to the subjects.

Answer 14

Exempt from review

Question 15

minimal risk or harm to the
subjects

Answer 15

Expedited review

Question 16

greater than minimal risk or harm to the subjects

Answer 16

Complete review

Question 17

includes fraudulent practices as fabrication, falsification, or forging of data, dishonest manipulations of the study designs or methods with protocol violations; misrepresentations of findings and plagiarism

Answer 17

Scientific misconduct

Question 18

deliberate invention of nonexistent information

Answer 18

Fabrication

Question 19

failure to participate appropriately in an investigation team

Answer 19

Irresponsible collaboration

Question 20

the intentional representation of the work or ideas of others as one’s own

Answer 20

Plagiarism

Question 21

choosing only data that are
consistent with the research hypothesis.

Answer 21

Manipulation of data