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Masters Interview > Ethical Dilemmas > Flashcards

Ethical Dilemmas Flashcards

1
Q

What are the ethical considerations for proceeding with multiple clients? (three points)

A
  • Explain to each client the limits to confidentiality
  • Gain explicit acceptance of the limits without coercion
  • Explain the nature of your relationship to each client
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2
Q

Name the three general principles in the Code of Ethics

A
  • Respect for the rights and dignity of people and peoples
  • Propriety
  • Integrity
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3
Q

Explain the general principle of respect (three points)

A
  • Justice
  • Respect for clients and professionals
  • Right to autonomy: we can’t force anyone to do anything
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4
Q

Explain the general principle of propriety (three points)

A
  • Competence: staying within your skills and training. If you’re not an expert in an area, maybe refer on
  • Beneficence: always put the client’s interests and wellbeing first
  • Responsibility to clients and society
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5
Q

Explain the general principle of integrity (three points)

A
  • Good character
  • Trust and honesty
  • Reputation of psychology
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6
Q

What is a client?

A

People, groups, and organisations that are receiving or paying for a psychological service

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7
Q

What is an associated party?

A

Friends, relatives, other professionals, employers

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8
Q

Name the five steps to resolving an ethical dilemma (Shaw et al., 2013)

A
  1. Recognise that an ethical issues is present
  2. Clarify the ethical issues involved
  3. Generate and examine possible courses of action
  4. Choose and implement the best option
  5. Reflect on what happened
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9
Q

What are the four considerations in Step 1: Recognise that an ethical issue is present?

A
  • Is there a conflict between ethical and legal standards, or between two ethical principles?
  • Notice feelings of unease, discomfort, uncertainty
  • Reflect on whether your personal biases or incentives could make your impressions unreliable
  • Is the problem your responsibility?
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10
Q

What are the four considerations in Step 2: Clarify the ethical issues?

A
  • What are the competing ethical principles?
  • Can you remove time pressure?
  • Consider the rights, responsibilities, and welfare of all the parties involved
  • Consult colleague or supervisor
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11
Q

What are the four considerations in Step 3: Generate and examine possible courses of action?

A
  • Think about all the factors affecting your decision
  • Include the option to wait and gather more information
  • Consult supervisor
  • Don’t assume a dichotomous choice.
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12
Q

What is one consideration in Step 4: Choose and implement the best option?

A
  • Document your decision and reasoning
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13
Q

What are the three considerations in Step 5: Reflect on what happened?

A
  • Could I have prevented the issue?
  • Can I do something differently in future?
  • Did I make the right decision?
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14
Q

Define confidentiality

A
  • Protecting the personal information of clients, including in relation to collecting, storing, disclosing, and disposing of the information.
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15
Q

What are three situations where you would disclose confidential information?

A
  • With the client’s consent
  • If there’s a legal need to disclose
  • To avert a risk of harm, depending on the circumstances
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16
Q

What are your mandatory reporting requirements?

A

Report to child protection if you have a reasonable belief that a child is experiencing or at risk of physical or sexual abuse or neglect, or other significant harm their parents are not protecting them from

17
Q

What are four considerations before disclosing confidential information?

A
  • Always talk to the client about the issue before disclosing (even if someone shows a consent form from your client)
  • Always try to get consent for disclosure if possible
  • Unless you can’t for safety reasons, inform clients that you’re disclosing, what you’re disclosing, why, and to whom.
  • Disclose only the minimum necessary
    (Ethical Guidelines on Confidentiality)
18
Q

How can you prevent issues arising around confidentiality?

A

Provide clear information right at the start about the limits of confidentiality.

19
Q

What are the ethical principles in conflict when considering issues of risk/ illegality?

A

Confidentiality vs beneficence

20
Q

When is it mandatory to report a clinician to AHPRA (four points)?

A

If they are putting people at risk by:
- Practicing with an impairment
- Practicing while under the influence
- Significantly departing from professional standards
- Engaging in sexual misconduct connected to their practice

21
Q

What are three considerations when you are concerned about another clinician’s behaviour?

A
  • Mandatory reporting requirements
  • Be aware of your own competence and objectivity
  • Be respectful, measured, and cautious
22
Q

How anonymous are complaints to AHPRA?

A
  • The client involved can’t be anonymous
  • The notifier can choose to not have their name given to the clinician
23
Q

What are the four circumstances that constitute multiple relationships?

A
  • Psychologist in a non-professional relationship with client
  • Psychologist in a different professional relationship with client
  • Psychologist in a non-professional relationship with an associated party
  • Psychologist a recipient of service provided by client
24
Q

Are multiple relationships unethical?

A

Not necessarily, but usually inadvisable unless there’s no other option

25
Q

What are six considerations around multiple relationships?

A
  • Power differentials
  • How the multiple relationship could benefit and harm the client
  • Your motives and capacity to be objective
  • Whether the multiple relationship could disrupt the professional service
  • Whether the multiple relationship can be avoided
  • Conflicts of interest
26
Q

What should you do if you decide to go ahead with multiple relationships?

A

Inform all parties of the potential for a conflict of interest

27
Q

What are the ethical principles in conflict when considering a client who’s refusing necessary treatment?

A

Autonomy vs beneficence

28
Q

What are four considerations when creating a new relationship with former clients?

A
  • The potential for the new relationship to undermine the effectiveness of the past psychological service
  • The extent to which they and the former client can establish an equitable relationship
  • Whether the former client is dependent on the psychologist in any way
  • Whether the former client may want to re-establish a professional relationship in the future
29
Q

What are five considerations when a client gives you a gift?

A
  • Cultural backgrounds
  • Benefit or harm to the therapeutic relationship
  • Cost
  • Occasion
  • Type of gift (how personal, how likely to encourage non-professional conversation)
30
Q

Is working with multiple clients unethical?

A

Not necessarily, but generally not advised

31
Q

What kinds of issues can arise with multiple clients?

A

Difficult to ensure confidentiality and objectivity

32
Q

How do you handle terminating a client due to problems with multiple clients?

A

Don’t break confidentiality - just tell one or both clients you can no longer see them for professional/ ethical reasons, without disclosing the nature of the conflict

Masters Interview (3 decks)

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