ethical consideratio

Question 1

Golden triad of moral philosophy

Answer 1

• virtue ethics
• consequentialism
• deontology (right/justice)

Question 2

ethical tools to analyse ethical scenarios

Answer 2

1. 4 principles approach
   - non -maleficence
   - beneficence
   - autonomy
   - justice
2. ethical grid
   - core considerations in the centre
   - minimise harm
   - benefits for researcher, patient, society
   - effectiveness and efficiency

Question 3

Process and outcomes

Answer 3

process:

• listening, asking questions, critical reflection ,using intuition and emotion.
• the way you conduct analysis

Question 4

What is the law?

Answer 4

-principles and regulations established in a community by some authority and applicable to its people, in the form of legalisation or customes.
- 2 basic distinction:
civil vs criminal law
Statute vs common law

Question 5

Civil law vs criminal

Answer 5

• civil laws by individual groups
  -legal action taken by society
  criminal law : offence against whole community
  -legal action take by : crown court

Question 6

Statute and common law

Answer 6

statute: written law decided by government
relatively difficult to change.
created by legislatures and government

common law: based on precedent

• relatively malleable
• created by : decisions made by judges.

Question 7

Proffesionalism

Answer 7

• institutes like IBMS

- professional attitudes and behaviours are embodied in the institute’s code.

Question 8

Why ethical analysis matters

Answer 8

• morally important
• maintains reputation and accountability
• enhances productivity, efficiency
• professional regulatory bodies require their members to be ethical
• law reflects ethical values

Question 9

What makes being ethical challenging?

Answer 9

• limited resources, eg. time, staff
• integrating ethics and scientific practise is hard bc scientists need to focus on producing results
• research ethic committee review is not always comprehensive