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Network+ > Ethernet Fundamentals > Flashcards

Ethernet Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

10BASE-T

A

UTP
● Maximum speed: 10 Mbps
● Maximum distance: 100 meters

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2
Q

Deterministic

A

Deterministic

● Very organized and orderly

● Need an electronic token to transmit

● For example, Token Ring networks

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3
Q

Contention-based

A

Contention-based

● Very chaotic

● Transmit (almost) whenever you want

● For example, Ethernet networks

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4
Q

CSMA/CD

A

Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Detect (CSMA/CD)
▪ ETHERNET devices transmit based on a principle called carrier sense multiple access/collision detect (CSMA/CD)
▪ Carrier sense
● Listen to the wire, verify it is not busy
▪ Multiple access
● All devices have access at any time
▪ Collision detect
● If two devices transmit at the same time, a collision occurs
● Back off, wait a random time, and try again

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5
Q

802.3ad

A

Link Aggregation
▪ Congestion can occur when ports all operate at the same speed
▪Allows for combination of multiple physical connections into a single logical connection Bandwidth available is increased and the congestion is minimized or prevented

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6
Q

PoE 802.3af, PoE+ 802.3at

A

▪ Supplies electrical power over Ethernet

● Requires CAT 5 or higher copper cable

● Provides up to 15.4 watts of power to device

● PoE+ provides up to 25.5 W of power to device ▪ Two device types

● Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE)

● Powered Device (PD)

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7
Q

802.1x

A

User Authentication

▪ For security purposes, switches can require users to authenticate themselves before gaining access to the network

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8
Q

OOB

A

Out-of-band (OOB) management involves keeping all network configuration devices on a separate network

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9
Q

HSRP

A

▪ Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) uses virtual IP and MAC addresses to provide a “active router” and a “standby router”

● HSRP is a Cisco-proprietary protocol

● If Active is offline, then standby answers

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10
Q

GLBP

A

Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP)

First Hop Redundancy

● Cisco-proprietary protocol

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11
Q

VRRP

A

Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)

First Hop Redundancy

● Open-source protocol

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12
Q

CARP

A

Common Address Redundancy Protocol (CARP)

First Hop Redundancy

● Open-source protocol

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13
Q

STP

A

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) (802.1D)

▪ Permits redundant links between switches and prevents looping of network traffic

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14
Q

100BASE-TX

A

CAT 5 or higher
100 Mbps
100m

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15
Q

1000BASE-TX

A

CAT 6 or higher
1 Gbps
100m

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16
Q

1000BASE-SX

A

MMF
1 Gbps
220 m

17
Q

100 BASE-LX

A

SMF
1 Gbps
5 km

18
Q

1000BSE-ZX

A

SMF
1 Gbps
70km

19
Q

Hub

A

Same Collision Domain

20
Q

Bridge

A

Separates Collisoin Domains

21
Q

Switch

A

Each port separates Collision Domain

22
Q

Router

A

Separates Broadcast Domain

23
Q

802.1x

A

User Authentication

▪ For security purposes, switches can require users to authenticate themselves before gaining access to the network

24
Q

HSRP

A

Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) uses virtual IP and MAC addresses to provide a “active router” and a “standby router”

FIRST HOP REDUNDANCY

● HSRP is a Cisco-proprietary protocol

● If Active is offline, then standby answers

25
Q

STP

A

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) (802.1D) ▪ Permits redundant links between switches and prevents looping of network traffic

26
Q

SPB

A

Shortest Path Bridging (SPB) is used instead of STP for larger network environments

27
Q

Root Bridge

A

Root bridge

● Switch elected to act as a reference point for a spanning tree

● Switch with the lowest bridge ID (BID) is elected as the root bridge
● BID is made up of a priority value and a MAC address (with the lowest value considered root)

28
Q

Root Port

A

Root Port

● Every non-root bridge has a single root port

● Port closest to the root bridge in terms of cost

● If costs are equal, lowest port number is chosen

29
Q

Port States

A

Blocking, Listening, Learning, Forwarding

30
Q

BPDU

A

Bridge Protocol Data Units

Frames that contain information about the spanning tree protocol. A switch sends BPDUs using a unique source MAC address from its origin port to a multicast address with destination MAC

31
Q

Link Costs

A

▪ Associated with the speed of a link

▪ Lower the link’s speed, the higher the cost

32
Q

802.1q

A

VLAN Trunking
▪ Multiple VLANs transmitted over the same physical cable ▪ VLANs are each tagged with 4-byte identifier

● Tag Protocol Identifier (TPI)

● Tag Control Identifier (TCI)

▪ One VLAN is left untagged
Called the Native VLAN

33
Q

Proxy Server

A

▪ Device that makes a request to external network on behalf of a client
▪ Used for security to perform content filtering and logging
▪ Workstation clients are configured to forward their packets to a proxy server

34
Q

NAS

A

Network Attached Storage (NAS)

● Disk storage is delivered as a service over TCP/IP

35
Q

SAN

A

Storage Area Network (SAN)

● Specialized LAN designed for data transfer/storage

● Transfers data at block level with special protocol

● Fibre Channel (FC) o Special purpose hardware providing 1-16 Gbps

36
Q

FCoE

A

Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE)

Removes need for specialized hardware
Runs over your Ethernet networks

37
Q

iSCSI

A

SCSI (IP Small Computer System Interface)
o Lower cost, built using Ethernet switches (<10 Gbps)
o Relies on configuration allowing jumbo frames over the network

38
Q

Infiniband

A

Infiniband (Virtualized Storage)
▪ Switched fabric topology for high-performance computing
▪ Very high throughput (>600 Gbps) with very low latency (0.5 µsec)
▪ Direct or switched connection between servers and storage systems

39
Q

SDN

A

Software-Defined Networking (SDN)

▪ Provides the administrator with an easy-to-use front end to configure physical and virtual devices throughout the network
▪ All the configurations are automatically done
▪ Provides administrator and overview of the entire network

Network+ (11 decks)

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