Ethel Wood - Ch. 2 Flashcards
How is the term “civilization” controversial?
Because it may imply that “civilized people” are superior to “uncivilized people.”
What is dark-side of civilization?
It includes: increased crime, conflict over personal interests, a split between poor and rich, and devastation of our natural environment.
What is the positive side of civilization?
It includes: having built a great foundation for great literature, scientific discoveries, works of art and architecture, and the efficient organization of work.
What are the areas where civilizations first began to radiate the ideas, innovations, and ideologies that culturally transformed the world called?
Cultural Hearths
What means “between the two rivers”?
Mesopotamia
Who were the builders of the earliest civilization by 3500 B.C.?
Sumerians
What does R-E-S-P-E-C-T stand for?
Religion, Environment, Society, Political/Governance, Economics, Culture, and Technology.
What do you call the coordinated efforts to get work done?
Labor Systems
What is the 1st empire called?
The Akkadian Empire
What do you call the government(s) by gods or priests?
Theocracies
What do you call those who were responsible for the temples, city defense, irrigation channels, and system of justice?
Warrior-kings
Who was the Babylonian king who ruled nearly 4,000 years ago over much of Mesopotamia?
Hammurabi
What are the people of Babylonia called?
Babylonians
What do you call the laws to bring order and fairness to Babylonian society?
Hammurabi’s Code
What were the 3 “distinctive classes” called?
Free people/Land owners, Farmers, and Slaves
What do you call the type of writing that consists of “wedge-shaped” symbols that represented sound and images?
Cuneiform
What do you call the story that told the story of Gilgamesh, a ruler of an early Sumerian city-state, such as Uruk.
The Epic of Gilgamesh
What does Epic of Gilgamesh teach?
It explores human friendship, and the relationship with the gods.
What are the large multi-story pyramids (of bricks) with ramps and stairs and the center of the city-state called?
Ziggurats
What is the crescent-shaped of the region of Tigris and Euphrates, and the Mediterranean Sea called?
Fertile Crescent
What are used for protection and luck?
Amulets
