Ethanol productions

Question 1

What are some purposes of ethanol? (5)

Answer 1

• Makes alcohol • Kills bacteria • Could be used as a fuel • Used as solvent • Used in perfume (and other sprays) because it has a lower boiling point than water

Question 2

What are the two methods of ethanol production?

Answer 2

Hydration and fermentation

Question 3

What is the word equation for the hydration of ethene?

Answer 3

Ethene + steam ==> ethanol

Question 4

What are the conditions needed for the hydration of ethene?

Answer 4

High temperature and high pressure

Question 5

What catalyst is used when manufacturing ethanol from reacting ethene with steam?

Answer 5

Phosphoric acid

Question 6

What is the word equation for fermentation?

Answer 6

Sugar (from plant material) ==> Ethanol + Carbon dioxide

Question 7

What are the natural catalysts that can make fermentation happen?

Answer 7

The enzymes found in single-celled fungi (yeast).

Question 8

Compare the type of process in fermentation and hydration

Answer 8

Fermentation uses sugar from plant material, which is a renewable resource. Hydration uses ethene, which is an alkene produced through the cracking of crude oil, and is therefore non-renewable.

Question 9

Compare the types of raw materials in fermentation and hydration

Answer 9

Fermentation is a batch (stop-start) process, whereas hydration is a continuous reaction.

Question 10

Compare the labour needed for fermentation and hydration

Answer 10

Fermentation requires a lot of workers, whereas hydration only uses a few.

Question 11

Compare the rate of reaction in fermentation and hydration

Answer 11

Fermentation is a slow reaction, whereas hydration is a fast one.

Question 12

Compare the conditions needed for fermentation and hydration

Answer 12

Fermentation only needs a warm temperature and normal pressure, whereas hydration needs a high temperature and pressure.

Question 13

Compare the purity of product in fermentation and hydration

Answer 13

Fermentation creates an impure product that needs treatment, whereas hydration creates a pure product that needs no treatment.

Question 14

Compare the energy needed for fermentation and hydration

Answer 14

Fermentation only requires a small amount of energy, whereas hydration requires a lot.

Question 15

How much of the world’s ethanol is made by fermentation?

Answer 15

More than 90%

Question 16

What is the symbol equation for the hydration of ethene?

Answer 16

C₂H₄ + H₂O ==> C₂H₅O

Question 17

What is the symbol equation for fermentation?

Answer 17

C₆H₁₂O₆ ==> 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂

Question 18

What is the structure of ethanol?

Answer 18