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Life Skills,guidance & Counselling Eth203q > Eth203q > Flashcards

Eth203q Flashcards

1
Q

Learner in totality(holistic view)

A

S.p.a.c.n.c
Social ( interact 👥 according norm/values)
Physical( male/female)
Affective (emotional/feelings)
Cognitive( knowledge /explore)
Normative ( live harmoniously 👥accord value/norms)
Conative ( desire achieve goal)

Learn norm through education process ( what good/ evil,right / wrong)
Learn u.stand,explore + know 👥+ environment(adds meaning)
=Understand 👤as total being
=Assist + support in real world

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2
Q

Guidance, counseling + life Skills part of education process

A

-Helps 👤know self, diff careers + deal problems / situations in life

Educator must:

  • guide
  • u.stand as total human
  • assist developing relationships
  • support 👤for real world

we do this through GUIDING!

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3
Q

Definition of observation

A

Exploratory technique used asses learner as total human

Teach something about 👤 may not want to communicate verbally

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4
Q

Principles social + personal guidance

A
  1. Individual uniqueness
    - 👤inner values
    - respect learners values + help discover self worth
    - develop understanding of own individuality
  2. Acceptance
    - mutual r.ship needed (support personal growth)
    - accept learner, learner will accept you
  3. Association
    - know 👤, build relationships
    - work together find solutions for issues
  4. encounter
    - 2👥meet,attempt communicate each other to make contact
    - educator + learner must respect + dignity each other
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5
Q

Differentiated and future-orientated education

A

Differentiated:

  • 👤differ abilities,aptitudes + interests
  • dont all benefit from uniform method of education
  • must u.stand 👥 needs in context + interests
  • acknowledge individuality
  • know 👤+ create r.ships ( u.stand, trust & authority)
  • ideal: 1 educator to 1 learner

Future-orientated:
Preps learner for future
-present + future edu = NB
- success 1 level depends success next level
-home preps for pre-primary
- pre-primary builds on edu + preps for primary
-high school preps for future ( workplace + career choice)

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6
Q

5 activities helps learners -Guidance

A

1.securing:
Willingness listen + u.stand learner + situation
-educator shifts : directing > facilitating
Talking > listening
Doing > observing
( promotes 👤 actualization)
-confidentiality in situation = 👤 security + encouragement

  1. Confronting:
    👤confronted issues + adult brings new info
    -leads self u.standing ( confronted exist + future r.ships)
    - 👤less confused about situations
    -prepares + explores new horizons
  2. Orienting:
    Above two contribute > orientation
    -👤 u.stand, alternates + settles in new vision of world
  3. Anticipating future options:
    - 👤 set sights + objectives= realized > future
    - rid of unrealistic goals + objectives
    - reaches out > existing / new goals + objectives
  4. Facilitating actualization of learner:
    - helps become self actualiser
    - u.stands + give meaning> situations
    - involved tasks + positive involvement
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7
Q

Learning problems:

  • Supporting learner
  • Role of educator
A

SUPPORTING LEARNER:

  1. Corrective teaching: points out mistake> 👤 asap ( b instead d)
    - creat opportunity > practice to correct ‘mistake’
    - certain mistake rectified / resolved
    - if not, reteach, diff teaching method
  2. Remedial education: isn’t separate classroom activity
    - emphasis> rectify problem > continue learning in normal class
ROLE EDUCATOR:
Peaceful class atmosphere
Encourage: 👥 ask Q's
                 : positive attitude
                 : exploration
                 : use diff resources
Dont judge
Participate in activities urself
Reward
Provide stimuli for senses
Correcting teaching & remedial edu
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8
Q

Definition + Steps for remedial education

A

Emphasis > rectify learning problem> continue learning in normal class

Step 1 identification:
Cant identify certain letters / spatial r.ships ( infront, behind) / concept time ( yesterday, tomorrow)

Step 2 educational aid programme:

1) auditory perception > hear / memory
2) visual perception > see, read / write
3) motor development > skills: left, right, balance
4) language> listening, communication

Step 3 consolidation:
Once overcome learning disability, work developing read / write skills
Until 👤confident > work other subjects

Step 4 monitoring:
👤placed in class where can cope,monitored regularly, address problems quickly / refer > expert
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9
Q

7 modes learning

A
  • Sensing :It involves the learner’s seeing ,smelling,feeling,tasting and hearing
  • Paying attention: Learners should be interested and willing to learn
  • Perceiving: It is the process through which the learners identify the learning content
  • Thinking :The component for problem solving.it includes planning,analysing,arranging,reasoning.
  • Imagining:Transcending reality and entering a world of non-reality through this process.
  • Fantasising :The learner projects himself or herself into the unknown through fantasy.It lays the foundation for the development of abstract thought.
  • Memory:The ability to recall information at a later stage
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10
Q

Learning restraints or problems

A
  • diff actual / expected behavior
  • mental / emotional problems
  • psychological dysfunction( inability comprehend,use,spoke / written lang)
  • hyperactivity ( sensory: respond all stimuli ; motor: unable leave object untouched)
  • A.D.D (emory, attention, concentration)
  • reading
  • counting
  • math
  • language
  • impulsiveness
  • emotional instability ( moods, depression)
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11
Q

Examples of learners + Guidelines to handling behavioral problems

A 
sensitive > needs
Dont set impossible tasks
Show trust
Allow express views
Attention> problem
Positive body lang
Communicate
Encouragement
Give learners reaponsibilities
Be confidential with info
E.g : 
Disruptive
Steal
Lie
Cheat
Fight
Vandalise
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12
Q

Definition : language deficieny

A

👤 stuggles express self in speech / writing

Limited vocab

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13
Q

Definition: Career awareness

A

Begin chose subj end gr 9
Chose with little u.standing /knowledge- careers
Educator + parents > involved in process
Chose subj = self employed / number options open

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14
Q

Definition: anxious learner

A 
Sweaty hands
Strong grip
Tense appearance
Stuttering
Refuse attend school

Refer 👤> expert = taught overcome anxiety

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15
Q

Definition: life skills

A

Ability > perform functions that help 👤 cope / overcome challenges in life
Gain skills for living

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16
Q

Definition: vocational guidance

A

Work=NB
👤guided> realistic career choice
Career educational starts @ prim
Educator = have support parents / peers / psychologist to provide guidance

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17
Q

Definition: educational guidance + issues

A

Need for everything to learn
Issues: study methods, edu support, teacher / parent unrealistic expectations, lack motivation

Must discover how 👤learn + why struggle + find solution

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18
Q

Definition: facilitator

A

Helps student

Doesn’t direct them ( figure out themself)

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19
Q

Definition: decision making skills

A

Chose between solution-problem
Mental process of mind
Can taught how arrive-decision
Cant forced / pressured > decision

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20
Q

Type of interview

A
  1. EXPLORATORY:
    - 👤+counsellor tgether consider,analyse+integrate
    - strong r.ship, trust, equal
    - 👤 nature problem found= deliberation
  2. HISTORICITY:
    - conversation 👤who knows something about learner
    - attempt u.stand 👤world + what 👤become + how done / personal develop
  3. INFORMATIVE:
    - 👤/ parents /educator
    - interviewer gives data > parents/ educator > support 👤
  4. ADVISORY:
    - parent /+ 👤 with problem
    - parent approach school out desperation + seek advice @ counsellor
    - counsellor initiates + directs parents
    - centered on problem elements 👤
    - advice= future orientated
21
Q

Implement ‘questioning’ + ‘reflection’ skills of interviews

A
  • open Q’s
  • Q’s musnt impede flow-discussions
  • probe Q’s > guide interviewee> expand somthing ( how,who)
  • think about what said
  • hear+ u.stand correctly what said + feeling
  • show u.standing feelings + verbalise what learner feeling
  • paraphrase > check /clarify what 👤saying
  • summarise so 👤 can review what said
22
Q

Definition: Rebellious learner

A

Often cry help
Dont label 👤’whom u cant do anything with’
Get overall pic 👤behavior in diff situations + what like to diff 👥

23
Q

Definition: Hyperactivity

A

2 type:
Sensory ( respond all stimuli)
Motor ( unable leave object untouched)

24
Q

Definition: Assessment

A

Way organise, collect, record info of learners ( performance)

Based learner in totality ( physical, social, emotional + abilities)

25
Q

Assessment techniques

A 
Observation
Conferences
Question / listening
Testing
Negotiated learning
Self assessment
Peer assment
Displays
26
Q

How knowledge from assessment is used / helps learners + educator

A

👤: confidence, enthusiasm increases
Habits improve
Understand concepts better
Know strength + weaknesses

Educator: better u.stand how plan / teaching programme
Diagnose learners needs
Group 👤 same level
Relevant teaching
Accountable for 👤's
27
Q

Definition: Gifted learner + Supporting

A 
Perform @higher level due > abilities
Often overlooked( teacher focuses underachivers)
Often dont realise own full potential
SUPPORT:
Spent time 👤
Encourage > be what they can be
Teach known > unknown
Creative Q's
Balanced curriculum
Encourage learn through play
28
Q

Definition: UnderAchiever

Whats causes?
Discuss support ideas

A

Working @ lower level than capable
Discrepancy btween performance & ability

Causes: 
Family ( supportive /stable / not)
School ( inviting climate / not?)
Learner ( factors relating > self)
Cant easily identify u.achiever, problem > complicated
Support:
Take 👤situation account
Assess, look@factors
Need learners co-op (establish warm rship)
Interest 👤> help u.stand performance
Encourage 👤 work hard
Involve parents
29
Q

Effective teaching methods in educating life skills

A
  1. group discussions (5/6in group> Koki)
  2. Group work
  3. Co-operative learning
  4. Brainstorming / buzz groups ( ideas on flashcards)
  5. Case studies
  6. Role playing
  7. Guest speaker
  8. Problem solving
  9. Questionnaires
  10. Active participation+ experience
  11. evaluation
30
Q

Discuss Traditional teaching methods + life skills

A 
Traditional:                         
Learn from teacher only
Passive role
Learn written text + framework by teacher
Feedback 1 👥 
Organised
Dont learn from others
Afraid make mistakes
Learn the notes
Life skills:
Learn from each other by:
sharing / debate
-discovery
- feedback more 1 person
- flexible environment
- from others
-from mistakes
-p.solving
31
Q

Definition: emotional support

Discuss what educators must do

A

👤grows u.standing + controls emotion
-sympathy +empathy enable > appreciate & identify feelings-others
- shout/humiliating > feeling fear / distrust
-stereotyping influences emotion expression
- fear = not being accepted, crying =weak
- react neg > critism+ failure
MUST PRAISE+SUPPORT

Educator must: 
Sensitive > 👤 emotions + needs
Warm, caring atmosphere
Discipline
Discuss emotions
Look out-depression
Encourage sport / participation
Form adult attachment
Discuss neg emotiona
32
Q

Definition: Social support

Discuss characteristics + what educator must do

A

Consider cultural social norm ( family,neighbor ,others)

Characteristics:
Peers influences behavior ( dress alike)
Learn peers/ groups = interaction
Aware sexes / gender roles
Peers / group help 👤less emotional depend-parent
Communication develops social skills

Educator must:
Teach ? develop r.ships opposite sexes
If learner=positive, behave positive ( vice versa)
Positive reinforcement > change peer group neg influence
Guard against generalization ( all poor=dirty etc.)

33
Q

Discuss :

Short term counseling model by Giles

A

A) prep stage :
👤contacts counsellor, consult 👤file + good atmosphere 4 meeting

B) meet + greet:
Assure+ greet 👤+ make comfortable
Explain counseling process entails
Tell 👤look for solutions ( with 👤)

C) explore:
Explore situations with 👤> get info
Learner = talk
You ask explanations in details= u.stood
Dont give solutions ( self exploring)

D) action:
Set specific goals, work with 👤
Look@ feelings, thought , behavior
Decide method> achieve+ monitor goals

E) termination:
Problem resolved, 👤can continue positively
Summarise + ask 👤= tell what changed

34
Q

Characteristics + skills of a counsellor

A 
C:
U.standing
Warmth
Sincere
Patience
Love > 👤
Concern+open
Responsible
S:
Listening
Know how conduct interview
Respect
Encouraging
Exploration
Trust
Confidential
Acceptance
35
Q

Definition: Counselling

A

Recognize problems+potential 👤
Helps overcome obstacles > growth

Must use specific skills> assist 👤> help self effectively

36
Q

3 facets of guidance

A

Personal+social guidance
E.g 👤 friends influences > bad behaviour , disruptive in class

Educational guidance

Vocational guidance

37
Q

Definition: Interview

A

Conversation 2/more 👥

1👤ask q’s =facts / statements about other 👤

38
Q

Definition: Personality

A

What 👤is, why way they are,
what makes diff from other 👤
Determine behaviour

39
Q

different interviewing methods

A 
1) DIRECT (STRUCTURED) approach:
Interviewer active, 👤passive
Set q's beforehand> 👤= answer
Use method> obtain info 👤, vice versa
{guided by what interviewer wants to know}

2.NON-DIRECT(UNSTRUCTURED) approach:
Time consuming
Educator unable uncover ‘real problem’> offer support + adress need 👤
👤active, interviewer passive
👤talks openly ( problems)
Interviewer summarises, evaluates + interpret info
{interviewer + 👤=equal}

  1. COMPOSITE approach:
    Above methods combined
    👤 not forced, any view / attitude welcome
    Only Steer 👤 if development takes wrong turn
    👤takes initiative + implements own decision
40
Q

Definition: Aggressive behaviour
Example
Guidelines

A 
Do stand up for wants and needs
Complex
Active/passive
Direct/indirect
Honest/ dishonest
Sense of Superior+disrespect 👥

E.g: i cant attend party, why have party while i must study?

Guiding:
👤= accepted
Show sensitivity > cause
Dont answer aggression with aggression
Dont physical
Patience + sympathy 👤
Give time to calm + control feelings
Freedom choice
41
Q

Definition: assertive people

Example
Guiding

A

Stand up for wants needs + rights but respect needs wants + rights of 👥 too

  • active,direct + honest
  • happy, satisfied,confident, trusted
  • balanced personality, fruitful lives

E.g sorry i cant attend party, i must study

Guiding:
👤 taught positive about self
Trust self
Know own strength+weaknesses
Plan+know what want say /do
Respect others viewpoints( dont change urs)
Relax, dont aggressive
42
Q

Definition: self knowledge

A

Pic have about self:
Everything think,know,discover
Self discovery=NB > decisions
Leads Q ‘ who am i’

43
Q

Definition: personal skills

A

Insight> own personality
Enables> know what capable/incapable doing / reaching

E.g:
Self knowledge
Assertiveness
Know how say no

44
Q

Definition: Thinking skills

What skills of thinking?

A

Excercise mind> explain, be original + make better plans

When think= connect what know+ what learning now

Skills:
Reading
Writing
P.solving
Memory
Computer
Creative
Study skills
45
Q

Definition: Social + communication skills

A 
Ability make 👥, communicate + listen
Know whats appropriate behaviour
Strategies achieve goals
Solving abilities
Verbal + non-verbal behaviour skills ( friendly, complimenting, eyecontact, face expression)
46
Q

Definition: Communication +listening skills

Examples of good / poor

A

Most NB= 1) COMMUNICATE (spoken, verbal, face-face)

Good:
doesnt jump in subject, speaks clearly
Prepare what say / how, check how well listener u.stood

Poor:
Mumble, bad tempered, unclear expectations, lack respect, ignores viewpoints, manipulative, talks too much, boring

          = 2) GOOD LISTENER (focus attention, nod, lean forward, eye contact)

Good:
Concentrates, careful, checks if following, looks@speaker, sensitive, listens> suggestions

Bad:
Switches off if dislike topic, plans response instead listening, interrupts, pick on small detail, pretends u.stand, bored/ uninterested

47
Q

Definition: Survival skills

A

All lifeskills= survival skills + enable us > make living

E.g:
Budgeting
Compiling cv
Time management
Being reliable
Career planning
48
Q

Categories / development of life skills

A

Personal skills

Thinking skills

Social + communication skills

Communication + listening skills

Survival skills

49
Q

Definition Non-Assertive

A 
Dont speak up for wants needs / rights
If do> not direct about it
Passive, indirect
Considered weak + inferior
Seen victim not winner
Never say 'no' ( feel disrespectful> others)

Life Skills,guidance & Counselling Eth203q (1 decks)

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