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Psychology Yr10 T1 > ETE T1 > Flashcards

ETE T1 Flashcards

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1
Q

participant variable

A

e.v specific to the participants of an investigation

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2
Q

situational variable

A

e.v present in the environment of the study

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3
Q

e.v

A

isnt controlled, which could affect the results of the study

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4
Q

independent variable

A

manipulated directly by the reseacher

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5
Q

dependent variable

A

being measured

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6
Q

confounding variable

A

e.v that affects the results of the study so that the effect of the i.v isnt fully seen

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7
Q

counter balancing

A

cancels the order effect on d.v

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8
Q

randomization

A

eliminates the selection bias, balances the confounding variables

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9
Q

single blind technique

A

aim of the research is hidden from the participants

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10
Q

double blind technique

A

aim of the research is hidden from the researcher and participants

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10
Q

null hypothesis

A

predicts that the results will have very little/no effect

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11
Q

alternative hypothesis

A

prediction of the outcome of a study based on what is expected to happen

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12
Q

directional hypothesis

A

predicts the direction the results will go in

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13
Q

non-directional hypothesis

A

predicts that a difference will be found but doesnt specify

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14
Q

experimental hypothesis

A

used in field and lab experiments

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15
Q

target population

A

group of people that an investigation is concerned with

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16
Q

random sampling

A

target population should be identified, all with an equal chance of being selected

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17
Q

generalisability

A

extent to which the results of a study represents the whole population

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17
Q

stratified sampling

A

identifies and randomly samples individuals from the subgroups of the target population to ensure proportionate representation

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17
Q

volunteer sampling

A

gathering a sample of participants who are willing to volunteer themselves for the study

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17
Q

opportunity sampling

A

makes use of the people around at the time of the study

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18
Q

order effect

A

when participants improve/worsen in the second condition because thyre fatigued

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19
Q

research design

A

how participants are allocated to the conditions of a study

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19
Q

experimental design

A

when used in an experiment

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20
Q

demand characteristics

A

when the participants alter their behaviour in response to the perceived aims of the investigation

21
Q

independent measures design

A

participants split into groups with each group tested in only one condition of a study

22
Q

repeated measures design

A

same participants used in all the study conditions

23
Q

reliabilty

A

consistency of an outcome/result of an investigation

23
Q

validity

A

whether the test measures what was intened

24
Q

internal validity

A

whether the measures used in a test genuinely test what they were designed to

25
Q

external validity

A

whether the finding are generalisable to the taget population

25
Q

qualitative methods

A

emphasis of the research is on gathering lots of detailed information

25
Q

quantitative methods

A

enquiry starting with a hypothesis to test a theory

26
Q

ethical issues

A

when the researcher doesnt follow rules when carrying out research to protect participants from harm

27
Q

ethics (WCDDPPC)

A

Withdraw
Consent (parental & informed)
Deception
Debrief (after deception &/ no informed consent)
Protection from harm
Privacy (participant details)
Confidentiality (data collected)

28
Q

Experiments

A

Lab, field & natural

29
Q

interviews

A

designed to gather self reported info from participants
Structured, semi-structured and unstructured

29
Q

questionnaire

A

self report technique that investigates peoples beliefs, opinions and attitudes first hand
close ended & open ended

29
Q

case study

A

in depth investigation into one person or a group of people

29
Q

correlation

A

looks for relationships between variables
positive & negative

29
Q

BPS code of human ethics

A

Respect for the autonomy, privacy and dignity of individuals and communities

scientific integrity

social responsibility

maximizing benefit & minimizing harm

29
Q

observation

A

simply watch and observe what people do in certain situations
naturalistic, controlled, overt, covert, participant & non-participant

30
Q

Evaluation (GRAVEOS)

A

Generalisability
Reliability
applicability
validity
ethics
objectivity
subjectivity

30
Q

conformity

A

following what the majority of people are doing
compliance, internalisation & identification

30
Q

obedience

A

complying with the order of an authority figure

31
Q

compliance

A

going along with the majority, although privately, we may not agree

32
Q

internalisation

A

when youre placed in a situation when you dont know how to behave, so you look to others on how to behave, and copy them

33
Q

identification

A

change your behaviour in the company of group, but it only lasts as long as the group is present/together

34
Q

deindividuation

A

losing your personal identity when youre part of a group/crowd

34
Q

bystander effect

A

when you fail to do something because other people around you arent

35
Q

situational factors affecting comformity

A

size of majority - if 9 friends want to go to westgate, you’ll go with them, but if a few want to go sarit with you, you’ll go with them

unanimity of the majority - if some of your friends tun veg, but some dont, youre less likely to turn

task difficulty - if the task at hand is too hard, we’re more likely to turn to others for the right answer

36
Q

personal factors affecting conformity

A

locus of control - how much control we have over our own behaviour

37
Q

internal locus of control

A

we have control over our behaviour e.g we passed a test due to hard work

37
Q

external locus of control

A

if we feel that we dont have control over our behaviour e.g we passed a test due to luck

37
Q

personal factors affecting bystander intervention

A

competence - if we feel competent enough to help

mood - if youre in a good mood, you’ll intervene, and vice versa

similarity - if youve been in such a situation before, youre more likely to help

37
Q

situational factors affecting bystander intervention

A

responsibility diffusion - we feel less responsible when there’s other people around

noticing the occurrence - we tend to keep to ourselves in large crowds and pay less attention to what’s going on around us

pluralistic ignorance - we react based on what others are doing

helping cost - we evaluate the situation as having too high a cost as it risks harm to oursleves

37
Q

blind obedience

A

when we follow instructions from an authority figure without question

37
Q

prosocial behaviour

A

behaviour deemed as helpful, kind, peaceful and cooperative

38
Q

situational factors affecting obedience to an authority figure

A

proximity of the victim
proximity of the authority figure
authority figure
context legitimacy

38
Q

antisocial behaviour

A

behaviour thats unhelpful, aggressive & destructive

39
Q
A
39
Q

ways to prevent blind obedience to an authority figure

A

social support
situation familiarity
distance
education

Psychology Yr10 T1 (1 decks)

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