ETC Review Flashcards

1
Q

ATP from substrate-level phosphorylation

A

Glycolysis
TCA

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2
Q

TCA Stage 1

A

Acetyl-CoA production

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3
Q

TCA Stage 2

A

Acetyl-CoA oxidation

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4
Q

TCA Stage 3

A

Electron transfer and oxidative phosphorylation

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5
Q

Oxidative Phosphorylation

A

Mitochondria

Produces most ATP

FADH2 & NADH: electron carriers
-oxidized at ETC
–proton gradient
—synthesize ATP

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6
Q

Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation

A
  1. Respiratory ETC
  2. ATP synthase uses the proton gradient energy
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7
Q

NADH vs FADH2

A

Both coenzymes

NADH:
cosubstrate
can move
3 ATP

FADH2:
prosthetic group
can’t move
2 ATP

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8
Q

Complex I

A

NADH gives electrons to Complex 1, which oxidizes NADH

Transfers electrons to ubiquinone (Q, coenzyme Q)

Protons to ATP synthase

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9
Q

Complex II

A

Succinate —> fumarate in TCA produces FADH2

Gives electrons to Complex II

Transfers electrons to ubiquinone (Q, coenzyme Q)

Does not produce enough energy to transfer protons

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10
Q

Ubiquinone (Q, Coenzyme Q)

A

Electron carrier

Transfers electrons to Complex III

Transfers protons from matrix to inter membrane space

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11
Q

Complex III

A

Transfers electrons to cytochrome c

Protons to ATP synthase

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12
Q

Cytochrome c

A

Electron carrier

Transfers electrons to Complex IV

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13
Q

Complex IV

A

Transfers electrons to 1/2 O2

O2 reduced to H2O

Protons to ATP synthase

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14
Q

Complex V

A

ATP synthase

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15
Q

Where are the five oligomeric assemblies of proteins associated with oxidative phosphorylation found?

A

Inner mitochondrial membrane

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16
Q

Redox Reactions: Highest Reduction Potentials

A

O2 has highest reduction potential (most + Eº’(V))

Most likely to be reduced (gain electrons)

Good oxidizing agents

Highest reduction potential will be reduced as written (will flip/reverse other reactions)

17
Q

Reduced

A

Gain H

18
Q

Most Reduced Form of Carbon

A

CH4 – methane

19
Q

Most Oxidized Form of Carbon

A

CO2 – carbon dioxide

20
Q

Flow of Electrons in Complex I

A

NADH –> FMN –> Fe-S —-> CoQ

21
Q

Flow of Electrons in Complex II

A

Succinate –> FAD –> Fe-S —-> CoQ

22
Q

Flow of Electrons in Complex III

A

CoQ —-> Fe-S / cyt b –> cyt c1 —-> cyt c

23
Q

Flow of Electrons in Complex IV

A

cyt c —-> cyt a –> cyt a3 —-> O2

24
Q

Redox Centers: Flavins

A

From riboflavin, vitamin B2

FAD & FMN

Carries 2 electrons

Prosthetic groups (can’t move)

25
Q

Redox Centers: Iron-Sulfur Complexes

A

Fe2S2 & Fe4S4

26
Q

Redox Centers: Ubiquinone (Q, Coenzyme Q)

A

Carries 1 electron at a time

Complete reduction of ubiquinone requires 2 electrons and 2 protons, and occurs together in two steps through the semiquinone radical intermediate

27
Q

Redox Centers: Cytochrome C

A

Cytochromes are electron carrying proteins with a heme prosthetic group

Only carries electrons, not protons

28
Q

Chemiosmotic Model

A

Chemical potential ∆pH (inside alkaline)
—–>
ATP synthesis driven by proton-motive force
<—–
Electrical potential ∆w (inside negative)