Etape 1, (p1-p10) Flashcards

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1
Q
mille-pattes, 
ver de terre, 
cloportes: 
pourquoi bon pour le sol? (centipede,
earthworm,
woodlice:
why good for the soil?)
A

sont utiles, car elles aident les plantes à pousser.

are useful because they advise plants to grow.

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2
Q

Le sol est composé de: (The soil is composed of)

A

Water, Air, inorganic matter, organic matter

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3
Q

de matière inorganique 4:

A

(roches et minéraux) et (eau et air)

rocks and minerals) and (water and air

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4
Q

de matière organique 5:

A

(branches d’arbres, feuilles mortes, insectes, excréments, cadavres d’animaux, etc.)

(tree branches, dead leaves, insects, excrement, animal corpses, etc.)

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5
Q

Le sol a 3 critères de différenciation: (Soil has 3 differentiation criteria:)

A

la couleur, la texture, la capacité à retenir l’eau

color, texture, ability to hold water

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6
Q

horizons

A

les différentes couches du sol

the different soil layers

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7
Q

5 horizons:

A

La litière, L’ horizon A, L’ horizon B, L’ horizon C, La roche-mere

(Litter, A horizon, B horizon, C horizon, Mother rock)

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8
Q

La litière:

A

la litière comprend des débris de matière organique
(brindilles, excréments, branches d’arbres et feuilles
mortes, etc.)

the litter contains debris of organic matter
(twigs, droppings, tree branches and leaves
dead, etc.))

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9
Q

L’ horizon A:

A

l’horizon a est un matière organique et de
petits morceaux de roches entre lesquels il ya de l’air ou
de l’eau. Sa couleur est généralement foncée. On y trouve des racines de plantes, des insectes, des vers de terre, etc.

the horizon a is organic matter and
small pieces of rock between which there is air or
some water. Its color is generally dark. There are plant roots, insects, earthworms, etc.

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10
Q

L’ horizon B:

A

l’horizon B contient peu de matière organique, mais
beaucoup de minéraux. Il est souvent plus pâle que
l’horizon A.

(the B horizon contains little organic matter, but
lots of minerals. It is often paler than
horizon A.)

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11
Q

L’ horizon C:

A

l’horizon C contient des débris de la roche-mère.

the C horizon contains debris from the bedrock.

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12
Q

La roche-mere

A

le sol se forme a partir de la roche-mère.

the soil is formed from the bedrock.

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13
Q

décomposeurs (decomposers) 7:

A

microscopique (bactéries et champignons),
insectes, escargots, araignées, cloportes, mille-pattes et vers de terre

microscopic (bacteria and fungi),
insects, snails, spiders, woodlice, centipedes and earthworms

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14
Q

Humus

A

ce sont les décomposeurs de déchets qui mangent la matière organique.
Cela se décompose et libère des minéraux qui aident les plantes à pousser.

it is the waste decomposers that eat organic matter.
This breaks down and releases minerals that helps plants grow.

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15
Q

Humus horizon

A

s’accumule dans la litière et Horizon A

accumulates in litter and Horizon A

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16
Q

bestioles

A

vivent dans la litière et Horizon A, là ils font vivre l’air, la nourriture et l’humidité.

live in litter and Horizon A, there they support air, food and moisture.

17
Q

Les vers (worms)

A
  1. Un corps souple et allongé
  2. sans pattes
  3. A flexible and elongated body
  4. without legs
18
Q

Exemple de vers (examples of worms)

A
  1. ver de terre (avec segments)
  2. nématode (sans segments)
  3. earthworm (with segments)
  4. nematode (without segments)
19
Q

les mollusques (mollusks)

A
  1. un corps doux
  2. sans pattes
  3. avec ou sans coquille
  4. a soft body
  5. without legs
  6. with or without shell
20
Q

Exemple les mollusques

A
  1. Escargot
  2. Limace
  3. snail
  4. Slug
21
Q

4 types d’arthropodes:

A
  1. les insectes
  2. les araignées
  3. les myriapodes
  4. les crustacés
  5. insects
  6. spiders
  7. myriapods
  8. crustscrustaceans
22
Q

les insectes:

A

1,3 paires de pattes
2,2 antennes
3. une fourmi, un grillon, un scarabée

  1. 3 pairs of legs
  2. 2 antennas
  3. a Ant, a cricket, a beetle
23
Q

les araignées:

A
  1. 4 paires de pattes
  2. Pas d’antenne
  3. une araignée, un acarien, une opillion
  4. 4 pairs of legs
  5. No antenna
  6. a Spider, a mite, a opillion
24
Q

les myriapodes:

A
  1. De nombreuses paires de jambes
  2. un mille-pattes, un milipied
  3. Many pairs of legs
  4. a Centipede, a milipied
25
Q

les crustacés:

A
  1. plusieurs paires de pattes
  2. Corps aplati
  3. Un cloporte
  4. many pairs of legs
  5. Flattened body
  6. A woodlouse