Estim

Question 0

Estim Precautions

Answer 0

Cardiac disease
Impaired sensation or mentation
Malignancy
Skin irritation/open wound

Question 1

Estim contraindications

Answer 1

Demand cardiac pacemaker
Unstable arrythmia
Over carotid sinus
Over venous/arterio-thrombosis/thrombophlebitis
Pregnancy

Question 2

Muscle reeducation

Answer 2

Frequency: 35-50
Pulse Duration: 150-350
Amplitude: >10-50% contraction
On/off: 1:5 - 1:3
Ramp: 1-4 sec
Time: 10-20 min

Question 3

Muscle spasm

Answer 3

Frequency: 35-50
Pulse Duration: 150-350
Amplitude: visible contraction
On/off: 2-5 sec (1:1)
Ramp: 1-4 sec
Time: 10-30 min

Question 4

Reduce edema-muscle contraction

Answer 4

Frequency: 35-50
Pulse Duration: 150-350
Amplitude: visible contraction
On/off: 2-5 sec (1:1)
Ramp: 1-4 sec
Time: 30 min

Question 5

Conventional TENS

Answer 5

Frequency: 100-150 pps
Pulse Duration: 50-80 microsec
Amplitude: comfortable
Modulation: if available
Time: as needed

Question 6

Low rate TENS

Answer 6

Frequency: 2-10 pps
Pulse Duration: 100-300 microsec
Amplitude: visible contraction
Modulation: none
Time:

Question 7

Interferrential (IFC)

Answer 7

Frequency 80-150 Hz
Time 15-30
4 electrodes…channels must cross

Question 8

Tissue healing - inflammatory phase

Answer 8

Waveform: HVPC
Polarity: negative
Frequency: 60-125 pps
Duration: 40-100 microsec
Amplitude: comfortable
Time: 45-60 min

Question 9

Tissue healing - proliferation phase

Answer 9

Chronic - pulsed monophasic
Waveform: HVPC
Polarity: positive
Frequency: 60-125 pps
Duration: 40-100 microsec
Amplitude: comfortable
Time: 45-60 min

Question 10

Edema control - inflammation

Answer 10

Waveform: HVPC
Polarity: negative
Frequency: 100-120 pps
Duration: 40-100 microsec
Amplitude: comfortable
Time: 20-30 min

Question 11

Edema control - lack of muscle contraction

Answer 11

Waveform: biphasic
Polarity: NA
Frequency: 35-50 pps
Duration: 150-350 microsec
Amplitude: comfortable
Time: 20-30 min

Question 12

Electrical current waveforms

Answer 12

Direct current
Alternating current
Pulsed current

Question 13

Alternating current

Answer 13

Pain control

IFC, premod and Russian protocol

Question 14

Interferential current (IFC)

Answer 14

Interference of 2 medium frequency ACs of slightly different frequencies
4 electrodes create 2 intersecting currents

Question 15

Premodulated current (premod)

Answer 15

AC with medium frequency
Sequentially increasing and decreasing amplitude
2 electrode straight line

Question 16

Russian Protocol

Answer 16

Specific parameters for quad strengthening

Produces a muscle contraction

Question 17

Pulsed Current

Answer 17

Monophasic PC-current flows in one direction (tissue healing and acute edema management, HVPC)

Biphasic PC- current flows back and fourth during a pulse (symmetrical or asymmetrical, cane be used to induce a muscle contraction)

Question 18

Amplitude

Answer 18

Magnitude of the current

Question 19

Frequency (Hz or pps)

Answer 19

Number of cycles or pulses per second

Question 20

Effects of electrical currents

Answer 20

NMES stimulation of action potential in nerves

Direct muscle depolarization (produce contraction of denervated muscle)

Question 21

Ionic effects of electrical currents

Answer 21

Cathode (- electrode): attracts positive ions and repels negative
Anode (+electrode): attracts negative ions and repels positive
Iontophoresis most common example
Help inflammation, tissue healing and reduce edema.

Question 22

Adverse effects of Estim

Answer 22

Burns
Skin irritation
Pain