Esthetics Flashcards
Aesthetikos is a Greek word meaning what?
Perceptible to the senses
Tiny plant or animal cells that cannot be seen with the naked eye
Microorganisms
Bacteria are also known as…
Pathogenic or non-pathogenic
What do nonpathogenic bacteria do?
Help the body breakdown food, protect against infection, and stimulate the immune system.
What do pathogenic bacteria do?
Considered harmful because they may cause disease or infection when they invade the body.
What two stages make up the life cycle of bacteria?
Active stage
Inactive stage
What is one important difference between viruses and bacteria?
Viruses live only by penetrating cells and becoming parts of them, bacteria can live on their own.
What is resistant to antibiotics viruses or bacteria?
Viruses
In what ways does the body fight infection? Name 4
a) unbroken skin, which is the body’s first line of defense
b) body secretions, such as perspiration & digestive juices
c) white cells within the ok that destroy bacteria
d) antitoxins that counteract the toxins produced by bacteria viruses
Federal agency that enforces safety and health standards at the workplace
OSHA
What is OSHA?
Federal agency that enforces safety and health standards at the workplace
3 main levels of decontamination…
A) Sanitation
B) Disinfection
C) Sterilization
What does sterilization do?
Kills all Microorganisms including bacterial spores
What level of decontamination kills all Microorganisms including bacterial spores?
Sterilization
What is an autoclave?
Sterilizes tools by using steam under pressure
What sterilizes tools by using steam under pressure?
Autoclave
What does disinfection do?
Kills most Microorganisms on hard, non porous surfaces.
What level of decontamination kills most Microorganisms on hard, non porous surfaces?
Disinfection
Disinfection does not kill what?
Bacterial spores, and some viruses.
Should disinfectants be used on human skin, hair, or nails?
No
Who registers different types of disinfectants?
The MSDS
Important rule when mixing disinfectants?
Add disinfectant to water
What must you do with any item used on a client?
Disinfect or discard
What is the lowest level of decontamination?
Sanitation
What is decontamination?
Removing pathogens from tools and surfaces
What are two methods of sterilization?
Autoclave & dry heat
Tools that come into contact with blood or bodily fluids must be what?
Disinfected
A client who shows no symptoms or signs of infection is what?
Asymatic
What is physiology?
The study of the functions and activities performed by ur body structures
What is the study of body structures that can be seen with the naked eye and what they are made up of?
Anatomy
What is physiology?
The study of the functions and activities performed by the body’s structures
What is anatomy?
The study of body structures that can be seen with the naked eye and what they are made up of
What is mitosis?
They process in that cells reproduce
What are the 11 major body systems?
A) circulatory B) digestive C) endocrine D) excretory E) integumentary F) muscular G) nervous H) reproductive I) respitory J) skeletal K) lymphatic or immune
Two phases of cell metabolism
Anabolism and catabolism
How many bones in skelatal system?
206
Bones of the upper jaw are the..
Maxillary
Two branches of chemistry
Organic and inorganic
The skin is made of what?
Chemicals
All skin care products are made of what?
Chemicals
Are inorganic chemicals alive? Were they ever?
No
All living things contain carbon. True or false?
True
Define matter
Any substance that occupied space and has weight
Protons charge?
Positive electrical charge
Neutrons charge?
Negative charge
Electrons charge?
Negative charge
What is ph?
Potential hydrogen
Name the characteristics of acids
Taste sour, turn litmus paper from blue to red
Name the characteristics of alkalis/bases
ph above 7.0 taste butter, turn paper red to blue
What is the neutral pH of skin?
5.5
What are the functions of the acid mantle?
Protective barrier against certain forms of bacteria and microorganisms
Average pH of the acid mantle?
5.5
What may result of the skin is exposed to a low or high pH?
Inflammation
True or false alkalies or based have a pH above 7.0
True
True or false a pH of 9.0 is 100 times more alkaline than a pH of 8.0
True
What does an oxidizing agent release?
Free radicals
Oxidized?
When oxygen is removed from a substance
What do antioxidants do?
Prevent oxidation by neutralizing free radicals
Solutions suspensions and emulsions are all kinds of what?
Physical mixtures
Define solute
Substance that dissolves another substance to form a solution
Define solution
Uniform mixture of two or more substances
Define miscible
Uniform mixture of two or more mutually mixable substances
Define immiscible
Suspensions (mixtures) of an unstable mixture of two or more immiscible substances united with the aid of an emulsifier
Define solute
Any substance that is dissolved by a solvent to form a solution
Define miscible
Liquids that are mutually soluble
What are immiscible liquids? Give an example
Not mutually mixable; such as water and oil
3 characteristics of solutions
A) solute
B) solvent
C) miscible
3 characteristics of suspensions
A) uniform mixture of two or more substances
B) emulsions: mixture of unstable mixtures of 2 or more immiscible substances
C) surfactants are used to emulsify oil and water
Emulsify meaning?
To form an emulsion, which is suspensions of one liquid dispersed in another
What substance allows oil and water to mix?
Surfactants
Two parts of a surfactant molecule
Hyarophilic: water loving
Lipophilic: oil loving (dissolves in oil)
List and define two types of emulsions used in cosmetics
A) oil in water: lotions and creams
B) water in oil: heavier and grenadier
Any substance that easily transmits electricity is called a what?
Conductor
What is electrotherapy?
Term for electronic facial treatments
What are electrodes?
Various currents used in facial and scalp treatments
What indicates the negative or positive pole of an electric current
Polarity
What is polarity?
indicates the negative or positive pole of an electric current
Name and briefly describe the two poles of an electric current
Anode: positive electrode (p+)
Cathode: negative electrode (n-)
What are the 4 modalities used in cosmetology?
A) galvanic
B) faradic
C) sinusoidal
D) tesla high frequency
Describe galvanic
Used for unblocking clogged pores and to drive solutions deeper into the epidermis
Effects of positive pole of the galvanic current
Produces acidic reactions Closes the pores Soothes nerves Decreased blood supply Contracts blood vessels Hardens and firms tissue
Effects of negative pole galvanic
Produces alkaline reactions Opens the pores Stimulates and irritates the nerves Increases blood supply Expands blood vessels Softens tissues
Negative galvanic current should not be used on clients with…name 4
A) broken capillaries
B) pustular acne
C) high blood pressure
D) metal implants
Describe desincrustation
Process used to soften and emulsify grease deposits and blackheads in the hair follicles
Describe cataphoresis
Process that forces acidic substances into deeper tissues from the positive toward the negative pole
Describe anaphoresis
Process that introduces water soluble products into the skin with electric current such as the positive and negative poles of the galvanic
Iontophoresis
Process that forces liquids into tissues from the negative toward the positive pole.
What is faradic current? How is it used?
An alternating and uninterrupted current that produces a mechanical reaction without a chemical effect, causes visible muscular contractions
What is the tesla high frequency current?
A heat producing current that requires only one electrode at a time
Define light therapy
Using ultra violet rays for treating psoriasis or blue and red Rays for treating acne
What visible light has the shortest wave length?
Violet
What visible light had the longest wave length?
Red
Blue light…
Contains few hear Rays, is the least penetrating, and has some germicidal and chemical benefits
Red light…
Is used on dry skin in combination with oils and creams. It produces the most heat and penetrates the deepest
What is the study of the structure and composition of skin tissue?
Histology
What is histology?
the study of the structure and composition of skin tissue
What is physiology?
The study of functions of living organisms
The skin is the primary component of which body system?
Integumentary system
Identify 4 healthy skin characteristics
A) slightly moist
B) soft
C) smooth
D) somewhat acidic
List the 6 primary functions of the skin
A) protection B) sensation C) heat regulation D) excretion E) secretion F) absorption
What does sebum do?
Helps lubricate and protect the skin
The skin is a protective barrier to what?
The epidermis
What is the protective barrier of the skin?
The acid mantle
What is tewl or transepidermal water loss
Water loss due to evaporation on the skins surface
What is melanin?
The pigment that protects us from the sun
The oils secreted by the _________ keep the skin soft and protect it from outside elements
Sebaceous gland
What is the outer most layer of skin?
The epidermis
What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?
1) stratum corneum
2) stratum lucidum
3) stratum granulosum
4) stratum spinosum
5) stratum germinativum
What are the 5 layers of the epidermis collectively called?
Strata (singular stratum)
What does keratin provide?
Resiliency and protection
What determines skin hair and color?
Melanin
Describe the stratum lucidum
A clear later under the stratum corneum
Describe stratum granulosum
Composed of cells that resemble granules
Describe stratum spinosum
Composed of cells that resemble granules
Describe stratum spinosum
A spiny layer above the basal layer of the epidermis
What is collagen produced by?
Fibroblasts
Where is melanin made?
The basal layer
The excretion of sweat is controlled by
Sudoriferous glands
What fluids nourish the skin?
Blood and lymph
What does lymph do?
Bathes the skin cells, removes toxins and cellular waste, and has immune functions that help protect the skin and body against disease
The health of skin depends on the cellular membrane and the _______
Water holding capacity of the stratum corneum
What are free radicals?
Atoms or molecules with unpaired electrons
What is red or inflamed skin a sign of?
Free radical damage
Describe acne
Chronic inflammatory skin disorder of the sebaceous glands characterized by comedones and blemishes
Describe asteatosis
Dry scaly skin due to sebum deficiency
What is milia?
Whitish, pearl-like masses of sebum and dead cells under the skin with no visible opening
Medical term for blackhead
Comedone
Medical term for whiteheads
Milia
Medical term for oily skin
Seborriea
A blackhead is an open ____
Comedone
Asteatosis is a dry skin condition often caused by products containing ______
Alkallies
An allergic reaction from contact with a substance or chemical is called?
Contact dermatitis
Swelling is called…
Edema
Redness caused by inflammation is called?
Erythema
Medical term for various forms of lesions affecting the skin
Dermatitis
Medical term for ingrown hairs
Folloculitis
Name the two types of follicles in the skin
1) follicle
2) sudoriferous gland
What is dry skin?
Skin that is lacking oil
What size are the follicles of dry skin generally?
Small
What is the difference between dry skin and dehydrated skin?
Dry skin is lacking oil, while dehydrated skin is lacking water
Describe characteristics and pores of normal skin
Normal skin has small pores in the t-zone and medium everywhere else
What products are best suited for combination skin?
Oil-water based
Esthetics comes from what Greek word?
Aesthetikos
Characteristics of oily skin?
Pore size is big
Prone to blemishes
3 most common characteristics of sensitive skin
Fragile
Thin skin
Redness
Fragile or thin skin can be the result of age or medication true or false?
True
