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Chemistry - Module 7 > Esters > Flashcards

Esters Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the functional group of Esters?

A

‘-COO-‘

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2
Q

How are esters formed? What is this reaction called?

A

From an alcohol and a carboxylic acid. It is called esterification

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3
Q

What is a catalyst used for an esterification reaction?

A

A strong acid catalyst likst concentrated sulfuric acid

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4
Q

Are Esters volatile or not volatile?

A

Volatile

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5
Q

Name 4 uses of Esters

A
  1. Perfumes
  2. Flavourings
  3. Solvents in paint, nail varnish remover ect
  4. Plasticisers
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6
Q

What are fatty acids?

A

Carboxylic acids with long chains

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7
Q

What do fatty acids and glycerol combine to make?

A

Fats and oils

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8
Q

What bonds do saturated compounds have?

A

C-C single bonds

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9
Q

What bonds do unsaturated compounds have?

A

C=C double bonds

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10
Q

Do animal fats normally have saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chains?

A

Saturated

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11
Q

What state are they at room temperature?

A

solid

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12
Q

Do vegetable oils normally have saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chains?

A

Unsaturated

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13
Q

What state are they at room temperature?

A

Liquid

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14
Q

What two chemicals make an ester?

A

An alcohol and a carboxylic acid

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15
Q

Is the reaction of making an ester reversible or not?

A

Yes, it is reversible

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16
Q

What are the 4 steps involved in making an ester?

A
  1. Refluxing
  2. Distillation
  3. Purification
  4. Drying
17
Q

Describe the process of Refluxing

A

The carboxylic acid and the alcohol are gently heated in a flask with a condenser.

18
Q

What is the purpose of the Distillation stage?

A

It separates the ester from other stuff left in the flask, such as unreacted alcohol & carboxylic acid, sulphuric acid and water

19
Q

How is the distillation stage carried out?

A

The mixture is heated below a fractioning column. When the temperature at the top of the column reaches the boiling point of the desired ester then the liquid flows down the condenser and collected.

20
Q

What is the liquid collected after the distillation process called?

A

The distillate

21
Q

What are the two substances mixed with the distillate during the purification stage?

A

Sodium carbonate solution

Concentrated calcium chloride

22
Q

How is any remaining water removed in the drying process?

A

It is mixed with lumps of anhydrous calcium chloride and then separated by filtration

Chemistry - Module 7 (10 decks)

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