Estates Hypos Flashcards
1
Q
O → B and his heirs.
A
Fee simple absolute
2
Q
O → B and his heirs so long as the property is used for residential purpose.
A
Fee simple determinable with a possibility of reverter to the grantor
3
Q
O → B and his heirs, but if the property is not used for residential purposes, A and his heirs shall have a right of entry and repossession.
A
Fee simple subject to a condition subsequent with a power of termination (right of entry) in the grantor.
4
Q
O → B and his heirs so long as the property is used for residential purposes, then to C and his heirs.
A
Fee simple with an executory limitation and a shifting executory interest.
5
Q
O → B and his heirs, but if the property is not used for residential purposes, C and his heirs shall have a right of entry and repossession.
A
Fee simple subject to an executory limitation and an executory interest.
6
Q
O → B and the heirs of his body
A
Fee tail with a reversion for the grantor.
7
Q
O → B and the heirs of his body by his wife W.
A
Fee tail special with a reversion for the grantor.
8
Q
O → B and the heirs of his body, then to C and his heirs.
A
Fee tail with a vested remainder.
9
Q
O → B for life.
A
Life estate with a reversion for the grantor.
10
Q
O → B for life of X.
A
Life estate pur autre vie with a reversion for the grantor.
11
Q
O → B for life, then to C and his heirs.
A
Life estate with a vested remainder.
12
Q
O → B for life, then to C and his heirs if C passes the bar.
A
Life estate with a reversion for the grantor and a contingent remainder.
13
Q
O → B and her heirs for so long as it is used for residential purposes.
A
Fee simple determinable and a possibility of reverter.
14
Q
O → B and her heirs, but if it is not used for residential purposes, then A shall have a right of entry.
A
Fee simple subject to an executory limitation with an executory interest.
15
Q
O → B and her heirs for so long as it is used for residential purposes, then to C and his heirs.
A
Fee simple with an executory limitation and a shifting executory interest.
16
Q
O → B and her heirs, but if it is not used for residential purposes, then C shall have a right of entry.
A
Fee simple subject to an executory limitation and a shifting executory interest.
17
Q
O → A and the heirs of his body by W.
A
Fee tail special. Only lineal descendants of both A and W can inherit with possibility of reversion.
18
Q
O → A and the UM-educated heirs of his body.
A
Fee tail special with possibility of reversion.
19
Q
O → A and his heirs as long as the land is farmed.
A
Fee simple determinable with possibility of reversion.
20
Q
O → A and his heirs until the land is no longer farmed.
A
Fee simple determinable with possibility of reversion.
21
Q
O → A and his heirs, but if the land is not farmed, then O and his heirs may reenter and claim the land.
A
Fee simple subject to condition subsequent with a right of entry.
22
Q
O → The Church, its successors and assigns, but if the land ceases to be used for church purposes, O or her heirs may reenter and reclaim the land.
A
Fee simple subject to condition subsequent with a right of entry.
23
Q
O → A for life, then if B survives A, to B and his heirs.
A
Life estate with a contingent and a possibility of reversion.
24
Q
O → A for life, then to B’s oldest child living at the time of A’s death and that child’s heirs.
A
Life estate subject contingent remainder and a possibility of reversion. B’s (possible) oldest child [at the time of A’s death] has an expectancy in fee simple.
25
O → A for life, then to A's firstborn child and that child's heirs.
Life estate subject to contingent remainder and a possibility of reversion. A's (possible) firstborn child has an expectancy in fee simple.
26
O → A for life, then to B and his heirs as long as the land is farmed.
Life estate with a vested remainder in fee simple determinable and a possibility of reversion.
27
O → A for life, then to B for life, then to C for life.
Life estate with a vested remainder in life, and a vested remainder in life.
28
O → S for life, then to A's and his heirs if A marries S and, if A fails to marry S, then to B and his heirs.
Life estate subject to a contingent remainder in fee simple with an alternate contingent remainder in fee simple and a possibility of reversion.
29
O → A for life, then to B and his heirs if B marries C.
Life estate subject to a contingent remainder in fee simple with a possibility of reversion.
30
O → A for life, then to the children of A and their heirs.
| [Assume A has one child, B.]
Life estate with a vested remainder subject to open.
31
O → A for life, then to B and his children.
Life estate with a vested remainder subject to open.
32
O → A for life.
O has a reversion in fee simple that is certain to become possessory. At A s death, either O or O s successor in interest will be entitled to possession.
33
O → A for life, then to B and her heirs if B survives A.
O has a reversion in fee simple that is not certain to become possessory. If B dies before A, O will be entitled to possession at A s death. On the other hand, if A dies before B, O s reversion is divested on A s death and will never become possessory
34
O → A for life, then to B and her heirs.
B has an indefeasibly vested remainder certain to become possessory upon termination of the life estate. If B dies during A s life, on B s death B s remainder passes to B s devisees, or, if B dies without a will, passes to B s heirs, or, if B dies without a will and without heirs, escheats to the estate. B or B s successor in interest is certain to take possession upon A s death.
35
O → A for life, then to A s children and their heirs. A has one child, B.
The remainder is vested in B subject to open to let in later born children. B s exact share cannot be known until A dies. If A has no child at the time of the conveyance, the remainder is contingent because no taker is unascertained.
36
O → A for life, then to the heirs of B. B is alive.
The remainder is contingent because the heirs of B cannot be ascertained until B dies. No living person has heirs, only heirs apparent. If B s heirs apparent do not survive B, they will not be B s heirs. The words heirs of B refers only to persons who survive B and are designated as B s intestate successors by the applicable statute of intestate succession.
37
O → A for life, then to B and her heirs if B survives A.
The language if B survives A subjects B s remainder to a condition precedent B can take possession only if B survives A.
38
O → A for life, then to B and her heirs if B survives A, and if B does not survive A to C and his heirs.
The language if B survives A subject s B s remainder to the condition precedent of B surviving A, and the language and if B does not survive A subjects C s remainder to the opposition condition precedent. Here we have alternative contingent remainders in B and C. If the remainder in B vests, the remainder in C cannot, and vice versa.
39
O → A for life, then to B and her heirs, but if B does not survive A to C and his heirs.
Note carefully: B does not have a contingent remainder. B has a vested remainder in a fee simple subject to divestment; C has a shifting executory interest which can become possessory only by divesting B s remainder.
40
Prior to the State of Uses (1536), O conveys Whiteacre, a small tract of land, to my eldest son A and his heirs, but if A inherits Blackacre (the family manor), then Whiteacre is to go to my second son B and his heirs.
Under this conveyance, A takes a fee simple absolute and B takes nothing. O cannot shift title and thus is prevented from planning in this manger for contingent events. (no shifting interest)
41
Prior to the Statute of Uses, O → A and her heirs when A marries B.
Under this conveyance, A takes nothing; O is left with the fee simple. (no springing interest)
42
Before the Statute of Uses, O goes on the land and enfeoffs X and his heirs to hold to the use of A and his heirs, but if A inherits the family manor, then to the use of O s second son B and his heirs.
Compare to Example 9 Shifting interest
43
After 1536 O bargains and sells to A and his heirs, but if B returns from Rome, then to B and his heirs.
Here the bargain and sale conveyance raised a use in A and shifting use in B. These were immediately executed by the statute, leaving as the state of legal title: fee simple in A subject to a shifting executory interest in B in fee simple.
44
After 1536 O covenants to stand seised for the benefit of A and her heirs when A marries B.
Here the covenant to stand seised raised a use which was immediately executed by the statute, leaving as the state of legal title: fee simple in O subject to a springing executory interest in A in fee simple.
45
O → A and his heirs, but if A dies without issue surviving him, to B and her heirs. [Executory Interest]
A has a possessory fee simple subject to an executory limitation (or subject to divestment by B s executory interest). B s future interest can become possessory only by divesting A.
46
O → A for life, then to B and her heirs, but if B dies under the age of 21, to C and her heirs. B is 15. [Executory Interest]
B has a vested remainder in a fee simple subject to an executory limitation (or subject to divestment by C s executory interest if B dies under age 21).
47
O → Harford School Board, its successors and assigns, but if the premises are not used for school purposes during the next 20 years, so B and her heirs. [Executory Interest]
The School Board has a fee simple subject to an executory interest that will automatically divest the Board s fee simple if the condition happens. (In this respect the executory interest differs from a right of entry in O, which is optional, not automatic in divesting.)
48
O → Town Library Board so long as the premises are used for library purposes, then to Children s Hospital. [Executory Interest]
The Library Board has a determinable fee. Children s Hospital has an executory interest.
49
O → X in trust to pay the income to A for life, and then to pay the principle to A s children who survive A. X is given the express power to sell Blackacre.
X has the legal fee simple in Blackacre; A has an equitable life estate and is entitled to all the income generated by the property. A s children have an equitable contingent remainder, and O has an equitable reversion. If X sells Blackacre for $200k and reinvests the $200k in Whiteacre and General Motors stock , the trust property then consists of these latter items. Upon A s death X conveys the trust property to the persons entitled thereto, A s children if any are alive or O if A has no surviving children.
50
The trustee invests all the trust property in one investment. The investment goes sour.
The trustee has not prudently invested the property because a prudent trustee would diversify the investments. There is much greater risk in putting all the eggs in one basket rather then dividing them among several baskets. The trustee is personally liable to the beneficiaries for the amount lost by the trustee s breach of the duty of prudent investment.
51
T devises a sum in trust for A for life, then to B if B survives A, and if B does not survive A, then to such one or more of B s spouse and B s issue as B appoints by will.
B has a remainder contingent upon surviving A and a special power of appointment among a limited class. If B dies during A s life, the property passes at A s death to the persons to whom B appoints; if B does not exercise the power, the property passes back to T s estate.
52
O → A for life, then to B and her heirs if B reaches 21. [Destructibility of Contingent Remainders]
If at A s death B s under the age of 21, B s remainder is destroyed. Seisin returns to O. It will take a new conveyance by O to give B anything.
53
O → A for life, then to B and her heirs if B survives A. A conveys his life estate to O. [Merger Doctrine]
The life estate merges into reversion, destroying B s contingent remainder.
54
O → A for life, then to A s heirs. [Rule in Shelley s Case]
The rule in Shelley s Case gives A a vested remainder in a fee simple. A s life estate then merges into the remainder, leaving A with a fee simple in possession. The land is immediately alienable by A and not tied up for A s lifetime.
55
O → A for life, then to O s heirs. [Doctrine of Worthier Title]
The remainder to O s heirs is void; O has a reversion.
56
O transfers a sum in trust for A for life, then to A s first child to reach 21. [RAP]
A is the validating life. You can prove that any child of A who reaches 21 will necessarily reach 21 within 21 years of A s death. The remainder must vest or fail within this period; it cannot possibly vest more than 21 years after A dies. The remainder is valid.
57
O transfers a sum in trust for A for life, then to A s first child to reach 25. [RAP]
There is no validating life; the contingent remainder is void. You cannot prove that A s first child to reach 25 will do so within 21 years after A s death. Here is what might happen: A s presently living children (all under 25) die; A has another child, B, a year later; A dies leaving B, age 3, alive. B will not reach 25 within 21 years after A s death.
[Create, Kill, Count].
58
T devises property to my grandchildren who reach 21. T leaves 2 children and three grandchildren under 21.
The validating lives are T s two children; all of T s grandchildren must reach 21, if at all, within 21 years after the death of T s two children. The gift is valid.
59
O → A for life, then to A s children for their lives, then to B. [RAP]
The remainder to B is vested upon creation. Observe that B s remainder may not vest in possession at the death of A s afterborn children, which may be too remote; but the remainder is valid because it is vested in interest now.
60
O → the School Board so long as used for a school. [Exemption from RAP (interest in transferor)]
The School Board has a fee simple determinable; O has a possibility of reverter exempt from RAP.
61
O → the School Board, but if it ceases to use Blackacre for school purposes, O has a right to re enter. [Exempt from RAP (interest in transferor)]
The School Board has a fee simple subject to condition subsequent; O has a right of entry exempt from RAP.
62
O → the School Board so long as used for a school, then A and her heirs. [Exempt from RAP (interest in transferee)]
A s executory interest violates RAP. It will not necessarily vest within A s lifetime or within 21 years after A s death. It may become possessory centuries from now. When an interest violates RAP, it is struck out and the remaining valid interests stand.
Take a pencil and line out the void gift: then to A and her heirs This leaves a fee simple determinable in the School Board. Since O has not given away O s entire interest, O has a possibility of reverter.
63
O → the School Board, but if it ceases to use Blackacre for school purposes to A and her heirs. [Exempt from RAP (interest in transferee)]
The School Board has a fee simple subject to a (purported) executory interest. A s executory interest violates RAP for the reason given in Example 31. Strike it out, beginning with but if it ceases This leaves a standing conveyance to the school board . The School Board has a fee simple absolute.
64
O → A and his heirs
* A: fee simple absolute * No future interest.
65
O → A for so long as Blackacre is used only for residential purposes
* Words of purchase - O → A
* Words of limitation - so long as, this makes it a fee simple determinable
* Future interest is retained by O - reverter. (NOT reversion)
* How long does this last? Forever - the reverter interest is 'retained' not created, so the rule of perpetuities doesn't apply (don't need to know the rule)
66
O → A on condition that Blackacre shall be used only for residential purposes, and if it ceases to be used for residential purposes, then O shall have a right to enter and terminate A's interest
* Present estate: Fee simple subject to condition subsequent
| * Future estate: O has a right of entry (for condition broken)
67
O → Town Library Board so long as the premises are used for library purposes then to Children's Hospital
* TLB: Present estate: Fee simple subject to executory limitation (You can abbreviate these on the test (FSSEL)
* CH: Executory interest: Executory interest in fee simple absolute (DON'T say just fee simple absolute)
* O: No reversion possible.
68
O → A for life
* Present Estate: a life estate,
| * Reversion: with a reversion to O when A dies.
69
O → A for 20 years
* Present Estate: a term of years estate for A.
| * Reversion: with a reversion to O
70
O → A for life, then to B and her heirs
* Present Estate: a life estate
* Remainder: vested remainder in fee simple absolute.
* No reversion because transferring the same quantum.
* What if B dies before A and has no heirs?
* Not possible, everyone has heirs.
71
O → A for life, then to B and heirs of her body
* Present Estate: a life estate
* Remainder: vested remainder in fee simple tail
* Reversion: Yes there is a reversion - if B and all her descendants are dead.
72
O → A for life, then to B and her heirs if B attains the age of 21 before A dies.
* A is alive; B is 15.
* Present Estate: a life estate
* Remainder: Contingent remainder in fee simple absolute
* Condition precedent
Reversion?
* According to definition above, then no reversion possible. (since B's interest is the same quantum)
* But because contingent, then there is a reversion.
* What happens if B turns 21 while A yet lives?
* Remainder is now a vested remainder in fee simple absolute, so now there is no longer a reversion.
73
O → A and his heirs, but if A dies without issue surviving him, to B and her heirs
* Present interest: Fee simple subject to an executory limitation
* Future interest for B: Is it an executory interest or a contingent remainder?
* The estate could go on forever, there isn't a natural termination of it.
* It's an executory interest in fee simple absolute.
* DIFFERENT from a fee simple tail with remainder - because B doesn't get it when A's heirs finally die off.
* Reversion - none, because it ultimate gives to B a fee simple absolute.
* Shifting - goes from one transferee to another.
74
O → Town Library Board so long as the premises are used for library purposes, then to Children's Hospital
* Present interest: Fee simple subject to an executory limitation
* Basically when you are giving a future interest to a transferee, there isn't a distinction between fee simple determinable (durational) and condition subsequent.
* B: Executory interest in fee simple absolute.
* Reversion - none
75
O → A upon her marriage to B
* Present interest:
* Fee simple subject to condition subsequent? No, because it wouldn't go back to the grantor. The grantor doesn't 'retain' the interest.
* Answer: Fee simple subject to executory limitation
* B: Executory interest in fee simple absolute.
76
O → A for life, then to B if B gives A a proper funeral.
* Present interest: Life estate for A
* Remainder: Contingent remainder in fee simple absolute for B * WRONG!
* There must be a gap between A's death and B's giving of a proper funeral.
* So there is an automatic reversion to O.
* This reversion is in fee simple subject to an executory limitation.
* B has an executory interest?
77
O → A for life, then to B [and his heirs] (same thing with or without heirs added)
* B's interest is a remainder, and it's indefeasibly vested, and in fee simple absolute.
* No condition subsequent
* Not subject to open - there is only one B.
Assume:
* A sells his interest in Blackacre to C. C dies without a will while A is still alive. Who has the present right to possess Blackacre?
* What does C get from A?
* C get's a life estate subject to A's life. (pur autre vie)
* So C's heirs get the life estate, still subject to B's indefeasibly vested remainder.
78
O → A for life, then to A's children and their heirs
* And their heirs is just fee simple absolute, so yeah.
* A's interest is a life estate
* B's interest is a vested remainder subject to open.
* The class of children closes at A's death.
79
O → A for life, then to the children of B B is alive and has one child, named C. Then A dies while B is still alive. What is the state of the title? Can children that come later claim something?
* Rule of convenience: The class children of B closes at A's death under this.
* When A and B alive - C has vested remainder subject to open
* When B dies - C has an indefeasibly vested remainder
* When A dies - C has a fee simple absolute.
* What if B has two children, C and D, C dies, then A dies. Do the heirs of C get equal access to take?
* It's ambiguous, but probably.
80
O → A for life, then to B and her heirs, but if B dies under the age of 21, to C and her heirs. B is age 15.
* A has life estate.
* B has a vested remainder subject to divestment in fee simple subject (subject to executory limitation? - he says don't describe it this way, because it makes it more confusing, even though it's right) (note commas around second phrase, conditional language comes afterwards?)
* C has an executory interest in fee simple absolute
* Is there a reversion? No, because C's executory interest
81
O → A for life, then to B and her heirs, but if B dies under the age of 21, to C and her heirs. B is age 21. State of title?
* A has a life estate.
* B has an indefeasibly vested remainder in fee simple absolute
* C has nothing
* No reversion.
82
O → A for life, then to B, but if B does not survive A, then to C.
* Conditional language follows B, grant to B (stopping at comma) looks like a vested remainder, therefore the conditional language is a condition subsequent.
* A has a life estate
* B has a vested remainder in fee simple (subject to executory limitation) subject to divestment
* C has executory interest
* No reversion
83
O → A for life, then to B if she survives A, otherwise to C.
* Conditional language is tied to the B. Reading comma to comma, the whole phrase looks like B isn't granted a vested remainder
* A has a life estate
* B has a contingent remainder in fee simple absolute
* C also has a contingent remainder in fee simple absolute.
* Note - these are alternate contingent remainders. This is important in thinking about whether or not there is a reversion.
Reversion:
* Apparently there is a reversion. HOW?
* It's the stupid possibility that life estates can end before A actually dies, like if A commits acts of waste or something. Since B has a contingent remainder, then it reverts back to the grantor, and we wait and see what happens to A and B before dying
* So, alternate contingent remainders DO actually create a reversion to O.
84
O → A for life, then to B if B reaches 21. A dies before B is 21.
Destructibility of contingent (but not vested) remainders (in small minority of jurisdictions)
* In some jurisdictions, if A dies before B is 21, then B's interest is destroyed.
* In majority, land reverts back to O subject to an executory limitation.
* ON THE EXAM - remember the majority rule, don't remember the odd rule.
85
O → A for life, then to B for life, then to C and her heirs if C survives A and B
* A has a life estate.
* B has an indefeasibly vested remainder for life
* C has a contingent remainder in fee simple absolute.
* There is a possible reversion to O. Only if B forfeits his life estate. Or if C dies before A and B.
86
O → W (wife) for life or until she remarries
* Life estate subject to condition subsequent?
* WRONG. it's a life estate determinable - (until language is durational)
* So there is a possibility of reverter.
* There is also a reversion in fee simple absolute.
87
O → W (wife) for her use and benefit, so long as she remains unmarried.
* W - fee simple determinable
| * Possibility of reverter for H.
88
O → W (wife) for her use and benefit, so long as she remains unmarried. Residuary clause in H's will to D, a daughter by a previous marriage. W cohabits with but does not marry A. Then W dies and devises all her property to A. Who gets it, A or D?
* A. W had fee simple determinable.
* H didn't use the magic words for life which would have made it a life estate.
* So D had only received the possibility of reverter.
89
O → A for life, then to A's children and their heirs, but if at A's death he is not survived by any children, then to B and her heirs. A is alive and has no children.
* A has life estate.
* A's children have a contingent remainder in fee simple absolute * because the children are unascertainable.
* B also has a contingent remainder in fee simple absolute.
* So there is a reversion.
90
O → A for life, then to A's children and their heirs, but if at A's death he is not survived by any children, then to B and her heirs. Two years later, twins C and D are born to A. State of title?
* A has a life estate
* C and D have a vested remainder subject to open and divestment, in fee simple.
* B has an executory interest in fee simple absolute.
* O has no reversion
91
O → A for life, then to A's children and their heirs, but if at A's death he is not survived by any children, then to B and her heirs. Two years later, twins C and D are born to A. Suppose that C dies during A's lifetime, then A dies, survived by D and B? Who owns Blackacre?
* D and C's heirs own Blackacre. (As long as D isn't C's heirs)
* A's life estate is terminated
* A's children now have a possessory interest.
* So B's interest is cut off.
92
O → A for life, then to such of A's children as survive him, but if none of A's children survive him, to B and her heirs. A is alive and has two children, C and D.
* A has a life estate.
* C and D have contingent remainders in fee simple absolute
* Don't say subject to open, because only vested things are subject to open.
* B has a contingent remainder in fee simple absolute
* O has a reversion.
93
O → A for life, then to such of A's children as survive him, but if none of A's children survive him, to B and her heirs. A is alive and has two children, C and D. C dies, then A dies? Who owns Blackacre?
* D alone owns Blackacre, not C's heirs. Contrast with above. So the language really matters.
94
O → A for life, then to b and her heirs, but if A is survived at his death by any children, then to such surviving children and their heirs. A is alive and has two children, C and D
* A has a life estate
* B has a vested remainder, subject to divestment
* C and D have an executory interest (cuts short B's interest)
* O: no reversion
95
O → A for life, then to B and her heirs, but if A is survived at his death by any children, then to such surviving children and their heirs. A is alive and has two children, C and D. What if C dies and then A dies?
* D is alive when A dies, so that divests B's interest.
* C and D have to be surviving children in order to get it.
* So C's heirs don't get it, but D gets it entirely.
96
O → A if and when he survives his wife
* O's estate: fee simple subject to executory limitation
| * A: springing executory interest in fee simple absolute.
97
O → A for life, then to B for life, then to C's heirs
* A has a life estate
* B has an indefeasibly vested remainder for life
* C's heirs have a contingent remainder in fee simple absolute.
* Reversion to O, B might commit waste
98
O → A upon her first wedding anniversary
* O has a present interest in fee simple subject to executory limitation
* A has an executory interest in fee simple absolute.
* Because it's created in a grantee not in a grantor.
99
O → A for 10 years, then to such of A's children as attain 21. A and O are alive at the time of the conveyance. A has two children, X and Y, 20 and 17
* A has term of years estate
* X and Y have contingent remainders in fee simple absolute.
* Remainder or executory interest?
* Remainder, because they are capable of becoming possessory at the natural termination of the prior estate.
* Why contingent?
* There is a condition precedent - children must attain 21.
* O has a reversion (yes, if condition precedent not met)
100
O → A for 10 years, then to such of A's chidlren as attain 21 A and O are alive at the time of the conveyance. A has two children, X and Y, 22 and 17
* A: term of years estate
* X has a vested remainder subject to open in fee simple
* Y has an executory interest in FSA* No reversion
* Even if A's estate ends early (waste or something), it will go to X because X is vested.
* Does the rule of convenience apply to a term of years?
* What if A's term ends and X has turned 21 but Y hasn't. Does Y still have an executory interest?
* Seems like no, by analogy, it would seem that the class would close.
* Prof says he doesn't know what the case law says, but assume that it would close so we only have to remember one rule.
101
O → A for 10 years, then to such of A's children as attain 21. A and O alive, A has 2 children, X dies after turning 22, Y is 19. O is still alive
* A: term of years estate.
* X's heirs: vested remainder in fee simple subject to open.
* Because X was vested as soon as he turned 21, nothing changes when he dies.
* Y: executory interest in fee simple.
* No reversion
102
O → A for life, then to A's children. A and O alive at the time, A has one child X.
* A: life estate
* X has a vested remainder in fee simple subject to open.
* No reversion
103
O → A for life, then to A's children. A and O alive at the time of conveyance, A has children X and Y, then A dies, survived by X, Y and O.
* X and Y have fee simple absolute.
* class is closed since A has died.
* No reversion
104
O → A for life, then to B and her heirs, but if B marries Z, then to C and his heirs
* A: life estate,
* B: vested remainder in fee simple subject to divestment
* Why remainder? Transfers after end of another estate.
* Why vested? Condition subsequent, since it follows transfer
* We know who the takers are.
* C: executory interest in fee simple.
* No reversion
105
O → A for life, then to B and heirs so long as Blackacre is organically farmed.
* A: life estate.
* B: vested remainder in fee simple determinable
* O: Possibility of reverter.
106
O → A if she graduates from college
* O has present interest in fee simple subject to executory limitation
* A has an executory interest in fee simple absolute.
