Establishing and Maintaining Control Flashcards
how did w secure his position?
K-moved east TO kENT to allow supplies from Normandy
F- fortifications
C-secured control of Canterbury the centre of eng catholic church
S- burnt southwark in retaliation
W- secured Winchester which was base of eng treasury
0- took oaths of loyalty from leading nobles+ bishops
C- coronation on xmas day 1066
N- norman barons had land distributed to them as reward for support+ to bring security
Who was Stigand and why did W denounce him from his position?
a bishop who had a reputation for being corrupt
w refused to be crowned from him and removed him from his position in 1070
describe the layout of Pevensey castle
outer bailey wall=high walls with lookout posts to make it difficult to attack
moat=n’ used an old dry roman ditch
outer bailey= included houses+ other buildings that needed to be kept safe
inner bailey= area within inner wall that protects keep, last line of defence
motte= mound of earth which had keep on top
gateways and gatehouses= entrances into outer/inner bailey+ had soldiers positioned at it to offer protection at castle’s vulnerable points
keep= high, straight walls- difficult to climb, spot an attack early
steep staircase+crenellations-secure part of castle
what was the purpose of the castles?
A- administration for an area
P-protect the norman settlers
I- intimidate locals bc building castles meant they had to destroy parts of existing towns, physically higher
C- control an area
S-symbolise the social structure of n eng =n lived in castles on top of hills+ a-s’s lived at bottom
could be seen from every direction=remind a-s’s n’s were conquerors ruled over them
where were castles built?
in areas of strategic importance like old roman roads,rivers
on high ground to see attackers coming
near existing towns to parole
near water supply and other resources
near natural defences like a bend in a river
make a timeline of revolts
1066- E and Morcar in London
1067- welsh border and hertfordshire
1068-south west
siege of Exeter by William
Harold Godwinson's sons in Somerset
1069-second rebellion by Welsh princes
1075-revolt of the norman earlswhy did E and M revolt?
H’s brother in laws and 2 powerful saxon earls
revolt straight after battle of hastings
E+M eventually submitted themselves and W let them keep their titles
what happened during the rebellion of the Welsh border
Edric the Wild started a revolt 1067 unsuccessful
in 1069 reached Cheshire and Straffordshire and approached Shrewsbury castle but was defeated by N’s
what revolt was led by Eustace
Edward the Confessor’s bro in law, Count of Boulogne attacked Dover castle but was easily defeated and made peace with W along with Edric
how did the South West + Exeter rebel?
city of Exeter rebelled in 1068 but W beseiged the city for 18 days until they surrendered + left his half brother Robert of Mortain in charge
on return journey to L W had to suppress rebellions in Bristol, Gloucester.
3 of Godwinson’s sons landed in somerset tried to retake throne -> unsuccessful
how did the Norman earls rebel
in 1075 Ralph de Gael+ Roger de Breteuil (supported by Waltheof) tried rebelling
encouraged by the king of France who was trying to increase his own influence
Bishops Odo and Lanfranc dealt with rebels brutally-> Waltheof beheaded, some blinded, killed. (Roger imprisoned bc W was friends with his Father).
what caused the Harrying of the North? give one reason for why the North was rebellious
- Edwin,Morcar and Edgar the A fled to north in 1068 and ed made claim to the throne.
- King Swein of Denmark arrived in 1069 with fleet of 240 + tried capturing York
- W built 2nd castle and placed William FitzOsbern in charge
- W paid Vikings to leave
North was semi-independent and many ppl were descendants of Danish Vikings
what were the consequences of the HotN?
W set fire to crops and salted fields -> Domesday Book records how in 1086 80% of Yorkshire was waste
brutal response= signalling to rebels to stop
who was Hereward the Wake?
- son of leofric, earl of Mercia
- angry about how W had confiscated land from his father and killed his brother
- guerrilla style attacks on N settlers and had the support of King Swegn
- small groups that used element of surprise+ used knowledge of the land to frustrate W
- famous attack= burning of Peterborough abbey in 1070
- based on Isle of Ely -> marshland well defended
describe attempt 1 of W
built a 2 mile wooden causeway to cross marshland
;( broke too many N
