Essentials in Non-Sterile Compounding Flashcards
Absorbent
Substance that takes up other substances
Alkalization
Increase the pH by the addition of a base
Amphoteric
A substance that can react as either an acid or a base
Anhydrous
Free from water, dry
Beyond-use date
The date after which of a compounded medication can no longer be used
Commercially available product
Any product that is readily available in the market place which has been determined to be safe and effective and manufactured under rigorous good manufacturing practice requirements
Comminute
In the pharmaceutical context, this involves the mechanical process of reducing the size of fine particles or aggregates; to pulverize
Content Uniformity
is when the weight of the tablet or capsule does not vary significantly from others made in the same batch. A content uniformity test can be conducted and is described in USP 905
Deliquescent
To melt or dissolve, to undergo gradual dissolution and liquefication, by absorbing moisture from the air
Disperse
To scatter or incorporate the particles of one substance into another
Displacement
The amount of substance removed by the addition of another
Dissolution
The act of dissolving a substance in a liquid
Effervescent
Product that bubbles or foams due to the release of gas
Emulsion
A mixture of two liquids that are not soluble (immiscible) in each other. When shaken, one phase will form globules in the other
Expiration date
The date after which a commercially manufactured medication can no longer be used
Eutectic Mixture
Lowest possible temperature of solidification at which a mixture of two chemicals can become a liquid
Excipients
Inert substanced added to another substance in order to attain a suitable consistency, shape, or form of a particular dosage form
Gel-sol transition
Change from a semisolid (gel) to a liquid (sol) form
Geometric dilution
This is done to ensure a homogeneous mixture when a small amount of active drug ingredient needs to be mixed with a larger quantity of excipient. This is acomplished by first adding about the same amount of excipient as there is active drug to the active ingredient in the mortar. This mixture is then titrated. Once titrated, the same amount of excipient is added to the newly created mixture in the mortar. This mixture is then titrated. This process continues until all the excipient powder is added and titrated
Humectant
Material added to products that decrease the rate of water evaporation
Hydrophillic
Substance that is attracted to water
Hydrophobic
A substance that is repelled by water
Hygroscopic
Absorbs moisture from the air
Levigation
This is the process of forming a paste by the addition of a suitable non-solvent to the solid material. Particle size reduction is accomplished by grinding the paste in a mortar using a pestle or by using an ointment slab and a spatula
Maceration
To make soft or seperate into constituent elements by steeping or soaking a properly comminuted drug or substance in a given vehicle
Menstruum
A substance that dissolve a solid or hold it in suspension
Mucoadhesive
Material that adheres to mucous membranes
Mull
Verb: To grind or mix thoroughly
Noun: A finley powdered solid, especially that in a suspension
Oleaginous
Having the qualities of fat
Precipitate
Substance that is separated from a solution or suspension due to a physical or chemical change
Saturation
Contains the maximum quantity under a given set of conditions
Sprinkle
To add slowly without using a strainer
Stability
The chemical and physical integrity of a drug product over time
Stir by hand
Mixing or agitating a substance using a stir rod or other appropriate tool, without the use of a stir bar
Stirring
Mixing or agitating a substance using a stir bar and the magnetic stir function of the hot plate
Surfactant
Surface acting agent. A substance used to lower the surface tension of a liquid to facilitate compounding
Suspending Agent
is used to prevent dispersed particles from from collecting together. Suspending agents are also used to increase the viscosity of liquids. Suspended agents do not allow particles to quickly settle out if solution, which ensures a uniform distribution of the medication throughout the dosage form
Tare
To reset the balance to zero
Triturate
To grind or mix dry powders or tablets in a mortar with a pestle to achieve smaller particles or uniform mixture
Triutration
The process of pulverizing and comminuting subtanced to fine particles by rubbing or grinding them in a mortar with a pestle
Vortex
A whorled arrangement, design, or pattern created by the spin bar and the magnetic stir function of the hot plate
