Essentials 1.2 Bugs: The Watery, Bloody, and Vomity Flashcards
What Bugs Belong to the Acute noninflammatory diarrhea group (watery, non-bloody stools; usually no fever)?
Bacteria:
Staphylococcus aureus (Food Poisoning)
Bacillus cereus (Rice Food Poisoning)
Listeria monocytogenes
Vibrio cholerae
ETEC
Virus:
Norovirus (Adult; Cruise ships, Assisted Living Communities)
Rotavirus (Children)
Protozoa:
Giardia Lamblia: (Fresh Water Sources on Hikes-puddles, streams)
Cryptosporidium hominis (Public Pools and HIV Patients)
What Bugs Belong to the Acute inflammatory diarrhea group (stools can be bloody; can be febrile)
Bacteria:
Shiga toxin–producing E. coli (STEC)
Clostridioides difficile
Shigella
Pathogen:
Salmonella
Campylobacter jejuni
Yersinia enterocolitica
Protozoa:
Entamoeba histolytica
Usually within 6 hours of consumption of infected food (dairy products, mayonnaise, meat products); recovery in 1–2 days
Vomiting, epigastric pain, diarrhea (mild)
Bacteria
Staphylococcus Aureus
Usually within 6-12-24 hours of consumption of infected food (reheated rice)
Vomiting, epigastric pain, diarrhea
Bacteria
Bacillus Cereus
Travelers Diarrhea
Bacteria
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)
Acquired by ingestion of unpasteurized soft cheese, deli meats, and raw vegetables. Can grow at refrigerator temperature.
Often febrile, vomiting, diarrhea
Bacteria
Listeria Monocytogenes
Suspect if watery diarrhea is associated with rapid and severe volume loss or in an outbreak setting.
Severe, watery diarrhea with rapid fluid and volume loss. Vomiting in early disease
Bacteria
Vibrio Cholerae
Cruise ship and nursing home outbreaks
Afebrile, vomiting, headaches, diarrhea
Viruses
Norovirus
Common in Children
Low-grade fever and vomiting prodrome, then diarrhea
Viruses
Rotavirus
Diarrhea may persist for weeks
Streams, Lakes, Puddles
Abdominal cramps, flatulence, diarrhea (acute or chronic); stools are fatty, foul-smelling, and may float
Protozoa
Giardia Lamblia
Cause of large communitywide outbreaks from contaminated water supply; important cause of diarrhea in AIDS patients
Abdominal pain and cramps, watery diarrhea
Protozoa
Cryptosporidium Hominis
Acquired by ingestion of undercooked ground beef or fruits and vegetables contaminated with cattle manure
Bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, usually afebrile
Bacteria
Acute inflammatory diarrhea
Shiga toxin–producing E. coli (STEC)
Traditionally associated with antimicrobial drug use; increasingly, community-acquired cases in patients without traditional risk factors
Bloody diarrhea, fever
Bacteria
Acute inflammatory diarrhea
Clostridioides difficile
Person-to-person spread can occur; humans are the reservoir; not found in animals
Diarrhea with blood or pus usually; abdominal cramps; can be febrile
Syndrome is called bacillary dysentery
Bacteria
Acute inflammatory diarrhea
Shigella
Acquired by ingestion of undercooked eggs, unpasteurized dairy products, raw vegetables, or undercooked poultry. Also by exposure to pet snakes and turtles
Diarrhea can be bloody; low-grade fevers
Pathogen
Acute inflammatory diarrhea
Salmonella
Acquired by ingestion of unpasteurized dairy products or undercooked poultry. Associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome
Fever, diarrhea
Pathogen
Acute inflammatory diarrhea
Campylobacter jejuni
Causes mesenteric adenitis that can mimic appendicitis
Fever, diarrhea
Pathogen
Acute inflammatory diarrhea
Yersinia enterocolitica
Can cause hepatic abscesses
Bloody diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain. Syndrome is called amebic dysentery
Protozoa
Acute inflammatory diarrhea
Entamoeba Histolytica
What bacteria do you not treat with antibiotics.
Antibiotics may increase risk of hemolytic–uremic syndrome, especially in children
STEC
