Essential Voacbulary

Question 1

Gross Anatomy

Answer 1

study of structures visible to the unaided eye

Question 2

Topographic Anatomy

Answer 2

anatomy of one part of the body in relation to another

Question 3

Microscopic Anatomy

Answer 3

study of tissue structures with a microscope

Question 4

Ultrastructural Anatomy

Answer 4

study of tissue structure with an electron microscope

Question 5

Median plane:

Answer 5

longitudinally divides body into equal right and left halves (also called “midsagittal plane)

Question 6

Sagittal plane:

Answer 6

off center but parallel to the median plane

Question 7

Transverse plane

Answer 7

a plane that is at a right angle to the long axis of a structure, organ or body part

Question 8

Dorsal plane

Answer 8

divides the body into dorsal and ventral portions

Question 9

Dorsal:

Answer 9

toward the back (or corresponding surface of the head, neck and tail); on the limbs, applies to the upper or front surface of the carpus, tarsus, metapodium and digits (side opposite the footpads).

Question 10

Ventral

Answer 10

toward the belly (or corresponding surface of the head, neck, thorax and tail); does not apply to the limbs.

Question 11

Medial

Answer 11

toward or near the median plane

Question 12

Lateral

Answer 12

away from or farther from the median plane

Question 13

Cranial

Answer 13

toward or near the head; on the limbs it applies proximal to the carpus and tarsus

Question 14

Rostral

Answer 14

toward or near the nose; head only

Question 15

Caudal:

Answer 15

toward or near the tail; on the limbs it applies proximal to the carpus and tarsus; also used as a reference on the head

Question 16

Internal (Inner)

Answer 16

close to or approaching the center of an organ, cavity or structure

Question 17

External (Outer

Answer 17

away from the center of an organ, cavity, or structure

Question 18

Superficial

Answer 18

near the surface of the body or surface of an organ or structure

Question 19

Deep

Answer 19

near the center of the body or the center of an organ or other structure

Question 20

Proximal

Answer 20

near the main mass or origin; for the limbs and tail refers to the attached end

Question 21

Distal

Answer 21

away from the main mass or origin; unattached end for the limbs and tail

Question 22

Radial

Answer 22

forearm, side of the radius

Question 23

Ulnar:

Answer 23

forearm, side of the ulna

Question 24

Tibial and fibular:

Answer 24

on the corresponding side as named, fibula is lateral to the tibia

Question 25

Palmar:

Answer 25

forepaw, surface contacting the ground, foot pads are located on the “palmar” surface

Question 26

Plantar

Answer 26

hindpaw, surface contacting the ground, foot pads are located on the “plantar” surface

Question 27

Axis:

Answer 27

central line of the body or any of its parts

Question 28

Axial:

Answer 28

pertaining to or relative to the axis, axial surface is toward the axis

Question 29

Abaxial

Answer 29

abaxial surface is away from the axis

Question 30

Flexion:

Answer 30

movement of one bone in relation to another such that the angle of the joint decreases

Question 31

Extension:

Answer 31

movement of one bone in relation to another such that the angle of the joint increases

Question 32

Abduction:

Answer 32

movement of a part away from the median plane

Question 33

Adduction

Answer 33

movement of a part toward the median plane

Question 34

Circumduction

Answer 34

movement of a part in a circular motion as outlining the surface of a cone

Question 35

Rotation:

Answer 35

movement of a part around its long axis, direction of rotation is designated by the direction of movement of the cranial or dorsal surface

Question 36

Supination:

Answer 36

lateral rotation of an appendage such that the palmar or plantar surface faces medially

Question 37

Pronation:

Answer 37

medial rotation of an appendage from the supine position such that the palmar or plantar surface faces ventrally

Question 38

ab-

Answer 38

prefix signifying from, off, away from

Question 39

ad-

Answer 39

prefix signifying to or toward

Question 40

articulation

Answer 40

joint

Question 41

brachium, brachio

Answer 41

arm, humerus

Question 42

brevis

Answer 42

short

Question 43

caput

Answer 43

“head”, general term applied to the expanded or chief extremity of an organ or part

Question 44

cephal-, cephalo-:

Answer 44

“head”, relationship to the head

Question 45

cleido-

Answer 45

collar bone, clavicle

Question 46

condyle

Answer 46

rounded projection on a bone

Question 47

crus, crural:

Answer 47

leg, tibia/fibula

Question 48

epi-

Answer 48

prefix denoting on or upon

Question 49

fascia

Answer 49

band or sheet of fibrous tissue

Question 50

foramen

Answer 50

an aperture or hole

Question 51

fossa

Answer 51

“trench or channel”, general term for a hollow or depressed area (larger than a fovea)

Question 52

fovea

Answer 52

small pit or depression

Question 53

genio

Answer 53

relating to jaw or mandible

Question 54

genu

Answer 54

“knee”, pertaining to the knee or structure bent like the knee

Question 55

glenoid

Answer 55

resembling a pit or socket

Question 56

gloss-, glosso-

Answer 56

“tongue”, pertaining to the tongue

Question 57

infra-

Answer 57

below or under

Question 58

inter-

Answer 58

between

Question 59

malleolus

Answer 59

“hammer”, a rounded process

Question 60

osseous

Answer 60

of the nature or quality of bone

Question 61

ramus

Answer 61

a branch

Question 62

supra-

Answer 62

over or above

Question 63

sub-

Answer 63

below, under, beneath

Question 64

teres

Answer 64

long and round, cylindrical

Question 65

trochanter

Answer 65

either of the two processes below the neck of the femur

Question 66

trochlea

Answer 66

“pulley”, pulley-shaped part

Question 67

tubercle

Answer 67

small swelling, bump, or protuberance

Question 68

tuberosity

Answer 68

an elevation or protuberance (generally larger than a tubercle)

Question 69

vastus

Answer 69

vast or large