Essential oil Terminology Flashcards
a substance or agent that can induce an abortion
Abortifacient
the rate at which an essential oil or carrier oil penetrates the skin over a given period of time (can be subjective)
Absorption rate
a concentrated, highly-aromatic, oily mixture extracted from plants by means of solvent extraction techniques producing a waxy mass called concrete. The lower the molecular weight , fragrant compounds are extracted from the concrete into ethanol. when the ethanol evaporates what is left behind is the _____
Absolute
To make impure by adding extraneous, improper, or inferior ingredients.
Adulterate
The word used by itself refers to Ethyl Alcohol or ethanol, the main solvant used to carry perfume for extracts, colognes. When referring to its chemical name it refers to the chemical group R-OH.
Alcohol
The chemical group R- CHO. the word by itself usually refers to shorter (C6-C12) straight chain (aliphatic). used in perfumery
Aldehyde
a hypersensitivity to certain substances such as pollen foods or micro-organisms which causes an overreaction of the immune system with symptoms such as skin rash, swelling of mucous membranes, sneezing or wheezing, or other abnormal conditions.
Allergy
a substance that gradually nourishes and improves the system
alternative
the absence of menstruation
Amenorrhea
An agent that relieves pain by acting upon the peripheral and central nervous system
Analgesic
A decline or absence of sexual desire
Anaphrodisiac
a defciency in the oxygen-carrying component of the blood, such as the amount of hemoglobin or the volume of red blood cells. Iron deficiency, often caused by inadequate dietary consumption of iron and blood cell loss are common causes of ___________
Anemia
an agent that produces anesthesia by paralyzing sensory nerve endings (or partial loss of sensation) at the site of application
Anesthetic
Having no sense of smell
Anosmic
an agent that destroys or causes the expulsion of parasitic intestinal worms
Anthelmintic
An agent that counteracts or neutralizes acidity, particularly in the stomach
Antacid
a substance capable of preventing an allergic reaction
Anti-allergenic
an agent capable of preventing or reducing anxiety
Anti-anxiety
an agent that alleviates arthritis by providing therapy to relieve the symptoms of joint inflammation
Anti-arthritic
An agent that provides relief from asthma or halts an asthmatic attack.
Anti-asthmatic
an agent capable of destroying or inhibiting the growth of reproduction of bacteria
Antibacterial
A substance used to stop a bacterial infection from spreading and/ or prevents growth of bacteria in the body
Antibiotic
a substance that is effective against catarrh or inflammation of the mucus membranes, especially of the nose and throat
Anticatarrhal
a substance that inhibits the clotting of blood by blocking the action of clotting factors or platelets
Anti-coagulant
a substance or agent used to alleviate mood disorders such as depression and anxiety and/or prevents clinical depression
Antidepressant
a substance that has the ability to relieve a toothache
Antidontalgic
An agent that prevents or alleviates nausea and vomiting
Anti-emetic
a substance used to treat fungal infections such as athletes foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), and serious infections such as cryptococcal meningitis
Anti-fungal
an agent that inhibits or lessens the secretion and flow of milk
Anti-galactagogue
a compound that inhibits the production of histamine, primarily used in the treatment of allergies or colds
Antihistamine
A substance that prevents or stops bleeding
Anti-hemorrhagic
An agent capable of stopping the colonization of a microscopic organism such as a virus or bacteria
Anti-infectious
a substance that prevents or reduces certain types of inflammation such as swelling, tenderness, fever, and pain
Anti-inflammatory
an agent capable of destroying or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms
antimicrobial
an agent that relieves an intense burning or stabbing pain caused by irritation of / damage to a nerve caused by disease, inflammation, or infection
Antineuralgic
a substance that retards or inhibits oxidation to counteract the deterioration of a product such as vitamin C or vitamin E
Antioxidant
an agent that destroys and inhibits the growth of parasites
Antiparasitic
a substance that functions to relieve inflammation and fever
Antiphlogistic
an agent that prevents or relieves itching
Anti-pruitic
a substance that inhibits or counteracts a odor such as decay, foul smell, rot, and decomposition
Anti-putrescent
An agent that reduces a fever
Anti-pyretic
an agent that suppresses the manifestation of rhematic disease and has the capability of delaying the progression of the disease process in inflammatory arthritis; it provides relief of the symptoms of any painful or immobilizing disorder of the musculoskeletal system
Antirheumatic
an agent that helps to prevent hardening of arteries or is affected with sclerosis
Anti-sclerotic
an agent applied to the skin to control seborrhea or the excessive oily secretion of sebum in the sweat glands
Anti-seborrhoeic
refers to an agent that cures or prevents scurvy
Anti-scorbutic
refers to a substance capable of preventing infection by inhibiting the growth and reproduction of microorganisms
Antiseptic
an agent that relieves ore prevents spasms, particularly of smooth muscle
Antispasmodic
a substance that is capable of inhibiting the secretion of sweat
Anti-sudorific
an agent that neutralizes the action of a toxin or poisen
Anti-toxic
a substance that suppresses the body’s urge to cough
Antitussive
an antitoxin active against the venom of a snake, spider or other venomous animal or insect.
Anti-venomous
an agent or substance capable of destroying a virus and/or inhibits it from spreading and reproducing
Antiviral
a substance that gently stimulates the evacuation of the bowels and works as a mild laxative
Aperient
a substance taken to stimulate the appetite before a meal
Aperitif
a substance that arouses or intensifies sexual desire and function
Aphrodisiac
Chemicals that have a smell and/or taste that are used in perfumes or flavors.
Aroma chemicals
- (Note: The term Aromatic Chemicals should not be confused as it refers to benzene ring structure found in many organic compounds.)
The science, coined by the Olfactory Research Fund, dedicated to the study of the interrelationship between psychology and aroma
Aromachology
The art and science of using essential oils to heal common ailments/ complaints. This therapy can be particularly helpful with stress or emotionally triggered problems such as insomnia and headaches. The term was coined by a French chemist, R.M Gattefosse
Aromatherapy
refers to the benzene ring structure found in many organic compounds. However, the term In perfumery refers to the rich aroma displayed by balsamic notes.
Aromatic
irregular or abnormal loss of the heartbeats rhythm
Arrythmia
a chronic inflammatory response in the walls of the arteries causing a hardening of the arteries.
Arteriosclerosis
a substance that draws together or constricts and is effective in stopping the flow of blood and other secretions
Astringent
a condition in which there is an accumulation of fatty deposits on the inside of walls of arteries such as cholesterol.
Atherosclerosis
from the ancient Persian world “to smell sweet” Attar or Otto refers to essential oil obtained by distillation and, in particular, that of the Bulgarian Rose, an extremely precious perfumery material
Attar (Otto)
a substance that kills bacteria
Bactericide
a water soluble, semi-solid or viscous resinous exudates similar to that to of gum.
Balsam
a soothing substance having the qualities of balsam
Balsamic
an agent that relieves coughing
Bechic
a condition caused by the excess excretion of bile; experiencing gastric distress caused by a disorder of the liver or gallbladder.
Bilious
A scientific name in Latin that conforms to the international Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) and is of certain species of plant that clearly distinguished it from other plants that share the same common name. The purpose of a formal name is to have a single name that is accepted and used worldwide for a particular plant or plant group
Botanical Name
a substance that causes a sense of serenity; tranquility and/ or peace
calming
an agent that has relaxing or sedating properties
calmative
a cancer-causing substance or agent.
Carcinogenic
that which pertains to the heart
Cardiac
an agent that induces the expulsion of gas from the stomach or intestines; settles the digestive system and relieves flatulence
Carminative
a vegetable fatty oil used to dilute essential oils for the purpose of application to the skin or massage.
Carrier Oil
a “cottage cheese” effect caused by local accumulation of fat and waste products in the body.
cellulite
a substance that clears the mind
Cephalic
The same botanical species occurring in other forms due to different growth conditions
Chemotypes
An agent that stimulates bile production by the liver
Choleric
an agent which promotes the discharge of bile from the system, purging it downward
Cholagogue
To heal or become healed by the formation of scar tissue
Cicatrix, Cicatrisation
an agent that promotes the formation of scar tissue
Cicatrisant
a substance that temporarily increases circulation and invigorates the circulatory system
Circulatory stimulant
the chronic inflammation and degeneration of the liver
Cirrhosis
oils that are extracted by the carbon dioxide method. Essential oils processed by this method are considered superior in that none of the constituents have been harmed by heat, have a closer aroma to the natural source and are generally thicker oils
CO2 Extracts
A process in the extraction method of essential oil (especially Rose) that ensures it is a complete oil
Cohobation
a method of extraction where no external heat is used during the process
Cold-Pressed
a severe abdominal pain caused by spasm or obstruction, or distention of any of the hollow viscera, such as the intestines
Colic
inflammation of the colon
Colitis
the everyday name used for a plant. Names such as Chamomile, Lavender, Orange, or Eucalyptus may refer to more than one species, yet go by the same name. It is necessary to know its botanical name for clarity.
Common name
A waxy concentrated semi-solid essential oils extract, made from plant material that is used to make an absolute
Concrete
refers to a condition in which a bowel movements are infrequent and hard to pass.
constipation
a substance that offers relief from heat and has a calming effect
cooling
any invigorating and stimulating preparation that is intended for medicinal purpose. traditionally a weak alcoholic beverage flavored with essential oils, fruit essences or plant extracts and sweetened.
Cordial
is the toxicity to all cells
Cytotoxic
Inflammation of the urinary bladder
cystitis
An agent that increases the leukocyte activity in its ability to defend the body against infection.
Cytophylactic
a herbal preparation made by boiling the plant material and reducing into a concentration
Decoction
an agent that treats sinus congestion by reducing swelling.
Decongestant
An agent that soothes irritated mucous membranes and relieves pain and inflammation
Demulcent
a substance that removes or conceals body odors
Deodorant
a substance that is purgative or used for purifying
Depurative
Inflammation of the skin
Dermatitis
the purpose of removing toxic substances or impurities from the body
Detoxification
a substance that helps to remove impurities and toxins from the blood and body
Detoxifier
An agent that promotes perspiration
Diaphoretic
a device used to disperse the aromatic molecules of essential oils into the air
Diffuser
a substance of formula that helps to improve the digestive system
Digestive support
a substance or agent that destroys, neutralizes, or inhibits the growth of disease-carrying microorganisms.
Disinfectant
A method of extraction used in the manufacture of essential oils
Distillation
a substance that increases the flow of urine, thus removing water from the body.
Diuretic
A unit of measurement equaling an 1/8 of an ounce
Dram
Difficult or painful menstruation
Dysmenorrhoea
an abnormally large volume of fluid in the circulatory system or in tissue between the bodies cells (interstitial spaces)
Edema
a substance that induces vomiting
Emetic
a substance that is used to stimulate blood flow in the pelvic area and uterus; some stimulate menstruation
Emmenagogue
a substance that softens and soothes the skin
Emollient
a long-term, progressive disease of the lungs that causes shortness of breath. The tissue necessary to support the function of the lungs are destroyed
Emphysema
The secretion of a ductless endocrine gland; a hormone
Endocrine
congestion of fullness of the tissue with blood or liquid
Engorgement
inflammation of the intestinal tract, especially of the small intestine
Enteritis
a protein of the intestinal tract, especially of the small intestine
Enteritis
A protein produced by the living organisms and function as biochemical catalysts
Enzyme
these are the fatty acids that are necessary for our body to function properly, but cannot produce on its own. when the body is deprived of the nutrients, the skin conditions such as eczema or psoriasis may appear
Essential Fatty acids (EFA)
an aromatic, volatile liquid consisting of odorous principles from plant extracts
Essential Oil
that which pertains to a gland with a duct, secreting directly onto the outside or inside surface of an organism
Exocrine
an agent that promotes the secretion or expulsion of phlegm, mucus, or other matter from the respiratory passages
Expectorant
An extraction method where plant materials are pressed to obtain the essential oil.
Expression
a natural substance secreted by plants that can be spontaneous or as a result from damage to the plant
Exudates
an agent that reduces fever
Febrifuge
a natural or synthetic substance used to slow down the evaporation of volatile components in a perfume and improve stability when added to more volatile components.
Fixative
vegetable oils obtained from plants that are fatty a non-volatile
Fixed oils
refers to the percentage of terpenes removed by re-distillation from single fold to fivefold
Fold
a process in which oils are re-distilled, either to have terpenes or other substances removed
Fractionated oil
a substance that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi
fungicidal
an agent that induces milk secretion
Galactagogue
an agent that kills germs, especially pathogenic microorganisms and acts as a disinfectant.
Germicidal
inflammation of the gums, characterized by redness and swelling
Gingivitis
the condition of having stale or bad foul-smelling breath
Halitosis
an itching or painful mass of dilated veins (also called piles) in swollen anal tissue
Hemorrhoids
an agent that stops bleeding or hemorrhaging
Hemostatic
that which pertains to the liver
Hepatic
any of several inflammatory diseases to the skin, especially herpes simplex , characterized by the formation of small watery blisters
Herpes
an agent that has a toxic or harmful effect on the liver
Hepatoxic
a method of extracting essential oils which steam at atmospheric pressure is passed through the plant material from the top of the extraction chamber, resulting in oils that retain the original aroma of the plant and Is less harsh than steam distillation
Hydro Diffusion
the water resulting from the distillation of essential oils, which ,still contains, some of the properties of the plant from the material extraction process.
Hydrosol (Flora water)
Arterial disease in which chronic high blood pressure is the primary symptom
Hypertension
the presence of an abnormally high concentration of glucose (sugar) in the blood.
Hyperglycemia
an agent that raises blood pressure
Hypertensive
an abnormally low level of glucose in the blood
hypoglycemia
abnormally low blood pressure
Hypotension
an agent that stimulates an immune response
immunostimulant
an agent that supports the immune system and assists in the resistance to infection by a specific pathogen
immune support
oil produced by steeping the macerated botanical material in the liquid until it has taken on some of the plant material properties
infused oil
the process of making a herbal remedy by steeping plant material in water to extract its soluble principles
Infusion
a substance that repels and kills insects
insecticide
a substance that is designed to kill larval pests
Larvicidal
a substance that is designed to kill larval pests
larvicidal
a substance that helps with and stimulates a bowel movement
Laxative
an abnormally large increase in the number if White blood cells in the blood, often occurring during an acute infection or inflammation
leucocytosis
a white or yellowish discharge of mucous substance from the vagina
leucorrhoea
a white blood cell that protects the body against infection and fights infection when it occurs
Leukocyte
the chemical that offers assistance to a lymph vessel, or a lymph node
lymphatic support
to make soft by soaking or steeping in a liquid
Macerate
the manipulation of soft tissue of the body to enhance health and is known to affect the circulation of blood and the flow of lymph, reduce muscular tension or flaccidity, affect the nervous system through stimulation or sedation, and enhance tissue healing
massage therapy
the female body’s Normal life transition ending of menstruation
menapause
abnormally heavy blood loss during menstruation
menorrhagia
uterine bleeding outside the normal menstrual cycle
Metorrhagia
minute living organism such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses that cause disease
microbe
a gummy substance containing demulcent gelatinous constituents obtained from certain plants
Mucilage
denotes an enzyme that breaks down mucus
Mucolytic
an agent that has soothing or calming effect upon the nerves
nervine
an intense burning or stabbing pain caused by the irritation of or damage to a nerve
Neuralgia
a psychological disorder characterized by chronic fatigue and weakness, loss of memory, and generalized aches and pains, formerly thought to result from exhaustion of the nervous system
Neurasthenia
a substance that is poisonous or destructive to nerve tissue
neurotoxin
natural resinous exudation from plants or aromatic liquid extracted from botanical material
Oleoresin
odoriferous exudation from botanical material consisting of essential oil, gum, and resin
oleo gum resin
refers to the sense of smell
olfaction
the bulblike distal end of the olfactory lobe center where the processing of smell is started is then passed onto to her areas of the brain.
olfactory bulb
a small plastic insert inside the glass bottle that acts as a dropper. to use, simply tip the bottle to count out number of drops
orifice reducer
