Essential Nutrients 2 Flashcards
What are the two main categories of nutrients?
Proteins and carbohydrates
Nutrients are essential for various bodily functions.
What is the chemical formula ratio for carbohydrates?
1:2:1
This ratio represents the composition of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
What are monosaccharides?
Simplest sugars containing a single sugar unit
Examples include glucose, galactose, and fructose.
What are isomers?
Chemicals with the same chemical formula but different arrangements of atoms
For example, glucose, galactose, and fructose are isomers.
What is the process of dehydration synthesis?
Formation of larger molecules by the removal of water from smaller molecules
This process is crucial in forming disaccharides from monosaccharides.
What is a disaccharide?
A sugar formed by joining two monosaccharide subunits
Examples include sucrose, maltose, and lactose.
What is hydrolysis?
Splitting larger molecules into smaller ones by adding water
This process is the opposite of dehydration synthesis.
What is sucrose formed from?
Glucose and fructose
Sucrose is commonly known as table sugar.
Provide an example of a disaccharide formed from two glucose units.
Maltose
Maltose is found in the seeds of germinating plants.
What is lactose composed of?
Glucose and galactose units
Lactose is also known as milk sugar.
Fill in the blank: Carbohydrates can be classified according to the number of sugar units they contain, with _______ being the simplest form.
monosaccharides
True or False: All disaccharides are formed by a process called hydrolysis.
False
Disaccharides are formed by dehydration synthesis.
What suffix typically identifies sugars?
-ose
This suffix is common in the names of carbohydrates.
What type of carbohydrate contains more than five carbons and is often in a ring form?
Hexose sugars
Examples include glucose and fructose.
What is the role of vitamins in nutrition?
Essential for various bodily functions
They support metabolism and overall health.
