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Ingles > ESSENTIAL GRAMAR > Flashcards

ESSENTIAL GRAMAR Flashcards

1
Q

Como é o verbo to be?

A

I - am

he/she/it - is

we/you/they - are

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2
Q

Como é a “short form” do verbo to be?

A

I’m

he’s
she’s
it’s

we’re
you’re
they’re

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3
Q

Como é a forma negativa do verbo to be?

A

I am not - i’m not

he/she/it is not = isn’t

we/you/they are not = aren’t

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4
Q

Como é a forma do present continuos e o seu uso? De exemplos de uso.

A

am/is/are + verbo com ing

Usado quando está acontecendo no momento que se fala.

She’s wearing a hat.
I’m working.

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5
Q

Como é a forma e o uso do present simple ( duas formas de uso ) ? E dê exemplos de uso.

A

I/we/you/they - sem alteração do verbo.

he/she/it - acrescente um s ou es

Usado para representar uma ação habitual ou uma verdade.

I work in a shop.
Lucy lives in London.
The earth goes round the sun.

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6
Q

Como é a forma do present simple negative?

A

I\we\you\they - do not = don’t + verbo no infinitive

he\she\it - does not = doesn’t + verbo no infinitive

I don’t drink tea.
She doesn’t drink coffee.

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7
Q

Como é a forma do present simple questions?

A

Do + I\we\you\they + verbo?

Does + he\she\it + verbo?

Do you work on Sundays?
Does Chris play tennis?

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8
Q

Explique a diferença entre o present continuos e o present simple ?

A

O present continuos é usado no “agora”, no momento que se está falando. Enquanto o present simple é usado para falar de coisas habituais, que geralmente fazemos no dia a dia, do que gostamos.

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9
Q

Alguns verbos não são usados no present continuos ?(12)

A

like\love\want\know\undestand\remember\
depend\prefer\hate\need\mean\belive\forget.

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10
Q

Qual a outra a forma que podemos usar no “I have”?

(forma negativa e questão)

A

I/we/you/they have - have got = ‘ve got

he/she/it has = has got = ‘s got

negative = have not got = haven’t got
- has not = hasn’t got

Question

  • Have I/we/you/they got?
  • has he/she/it got?

I have blue eyes = I have got (I’ve got) blues eyes.
Our car has four doors = Our car has got four doors

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11
Q

Como é o verbo to be no passado ? Como é a sua forma no negativo?

A

am/is - was

are - were

was not = wasn’t
were not = weren’t

I was tired last night.

You were late yesterday.

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12
Q

Como é a forma do past simple?

A

I/we/you/they/he/she/it + verbo no past simple = -ed

Yesterday it rained all morning.

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13
Q

Como é o past simple negative and questions?

A

Usamos o “did”

Negativo = Sujeito + did not = didn’t + verbo no infinitivo

Questão: Did + sujeito + verbo?

I didn’t watch television yesterday.

Did she go away last week?

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14
Q

Onde é usado e como é o past continuos?

A

was/were + verbo ing

Usamos quando falamos de uma ação no passado.

I was working at 10.30 last night.

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15
Q

Compare com um exemplo o past continuos e o past simple.

A

I started work at 9 o’clock and finished at 4.30. At 2.30 I was working.

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16
Q

Como é a forma do present perfect ? Forma negativa?

A

Sujeito + have/has + verbo no participio

I/we/you/they + have = ‘ve
- have not = haven’t

he/she/it + has = ‘s
- has not = hasn’t

I have lost my passport.
He has cleaned his shoes.

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17
Q

Quando é usado o present perfect (3) ?

A
  1. Ações que começaram no passado e continuam até o presente.

She has worked at the hospital since April.

  1. Ações que ocorreram em um tempo não determinado (indefinido) no passado.

I have been to the U.S.A.

  1. Ações que acabaram de acontecer.

They have just left.

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18
Q

Usos do “just” , “already” e “yet”

A

just = short time ago
- Are you hungry? No, I’ve just had dinner.

already = before you expected;
- What time are Diane and Paul coming? They’ve already arrived.

Yet = until now (até agora)

  • Usamos em sentenças negativas e nas questões, geralmente colocado no final.
  • Are Diane and Paul here? No, they haven’t arrived yet .
  • Have Diane and Paul arrived yet? No. We’re still waiting for them.
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19
Q

Como é usado o “for” e “since” ?

A

for = é usado para um período.

  • Richard has been in Canada for six months.
  • We’ve been waiting for two hours.

since = usamos para indicar quando começamos.

  • Richard has been in Canada since January.
  • We’ve been waiting since 9 o’clock.
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20
Q

Como é usado “ago” ?

A

ago = indica quanto tempo se passou até o momento.

  • Susan started her new job three weeks ago.
  • I had dinner an hour ago.

Usamos “ago” com o passado.

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21
Q

Compare “ago” com “for”

Jane está na Irlanda faz três dias.

A

Jane arrived in Ireland three days ago.

Jane has been in Ireland for three days.

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22
Q

Escreva:

a) Eu vi Paula ontem.
b) Onde vc estava no domingo a tarde?
c) Perdi minhas chaves.
d) Perdi minhas chaves semana passada.
e) Você viu Kate no sábado?
f) Você viu Kate?
g) Nós moramos em Singapura há seis anos.
h) Nós moramos em Glasgow há seis anos, mas agora nós moramos em Singapura.

A

a) I saw Paula yesterday.
b) Where were you on Sunday afternoon?
c) I have lost my keys.
d) I lost my keys last week.
e) Did you see Kate on Saturday?
f) Have you seen Kate?
g) We’ve lived in Singapura for six years.
h) We lived in Glasgow for six years, but now we live in Singapore.

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23
Q

Passe para o passivo:

a) Somebody cleans the office every day.
b) Somebody cleaned the office yesterday.

A

a) The office is cleaned every day.
b) The office was cleaned yesterday.

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24
Q

Escreva:

a) Manteiga é feita de leite.
b) Esta casa foi construída há 100 anos atrás.
c) Quando o telefone foi inventado?~
d) Eu nasci em Berlin em 1989.
e) Onde você nasceu?
f) Eu fui mordido por um cachorro há alguns dias atrás.

A

a) Butter is made from milk.
b) This house was built 100 years ago.
c) When was the telephone invented?
d) I was born in Berlin in 1989.
e) Where were you born?
f) I was bitten by a dog a few days ago.

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25
Q

Escreva para o passivo:

a) Somebody is painting the door.
b) Somebody has painted the door.

A

a) The door is being painted.
b) The door has been painted.

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26
Q

Forma e exemplo:

a) present continuos.
b) past continuos.

A

a) am/is/are + ing
- I’m working
b) was/were + ing
- I was working when she arrived.

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27
Q

Forma e exemplo:

a) present perfect
b) present simple negative and questions
c) past simple negative and questions

A

a) have/has + past participle
- Tom has lost his passaport.
b) do/does + infinitive

  • I don’t like tea
  • Does Silva live alone?

c) did + infinitive

I didn’t watch TV yesterday
What time did Paul and Nicole go out?

28
Q

Quando algo já está combinado ou você já tem em mente o que vai fazer, usamos o:

A

am/is/are + ing para o futuro.

  • I’m not working next week.
  • Sophie is going to the dentist on Friday.
  • Are you meeting your friends tonight?
29
Q

Para algo que esteja no calendário, tabela de horários de ônibus, trem, programas usamos:

A

Usamos o present simple

  • The train arrives at 7.30
  • What time does the film finish?
30
Q

Como é a forma do will, quando é usado e quando não é usado:

A

will + infinitive

will = ‘ll
will not = won’t

Usamos para dizer algo no futuro:
- Sue is in Madrid. Tomorrow she will be in Rome.
- Will you be at home this evening?
I won’t be here tomorrow.

Não usamos quando algo já está combinado ou certo a se fazer.

  • We’re going to the cinema on Saturday.
  • Are you going to do the exam?
31
Q

Quando usamos o “shall”?

A

I shall = I will
We shall = We will

32
Q

Usamos will quando:

A

a) Quando nos oferecemos para fazer algo.
- I’ll carry it for you.
b) Quando decidimos fazer algo.
- I’ll phone you tomorrow.

33
Q

Quando usamos :

Shall I …
Shall we ….

A

Quando achamos que é uma coisa boa a se fazer ou que é uma boa ideia.

  • It’s very warm in this room. Shall I open the window?
  • I’m going to a party tonight. What shall I wear?
34
Q

Quando usamos MIGHT?

A

Usamos quando falamos sobre uma possibilidade.

might + infinitive

might not + infinitive

I might = it is possible that I will

I might go to the cinema this evening, but I’m not sure.

Take an umbrella with you. It might rain.

35
Q

Quando usamos MAY?

May I …?

A

Usamos da mesma forma que might.

I may go to the cinema this evening.

May I …? (é ok a se fazer ou posso?)

May I ask a question?
May I sit here?

36
Q

Quando usamos CAN?

A

Usamos quando falamos de algo que nós sabemos fazer ou se é possível que sabemos realizar.

  • I can play piano.
  • Sarah can speak Italian.
  • Can you change twenty pounds?
37
Q

Como usamos CAN no passado?

A

could
could not = couldn’t

When I was young, I could run very fast.

38
Q

CAN e COULD nas questões podem ser usadas para (3)

A
  1. Para pedir para as pessoas fazer algo.
    - Can/Could you open the door, please?
  2. Para perguntar por algo.
    Can/Could I have these postcards please?
  3. É ok, fazer algo.
    - Tom, can/could I borrow your umbrella?
39
Q

Como usamos MUST?

A

I must (do something) = Eu preciso fazer isso.

  • I’m very hungry. I must eat something.
40
Q

Como é a forma negativa e do passado de MUST

A

must not = mustn’t

  • isto é necessário não deixar de fazer
  • é errado fazer isso.

I mustn’t forget to phone Jane (eu preciso lembrar de ligar para Jane)
You mustn’t touch the pictures. (não toque nas pinturas)

passado = had to
- I was very hungry. I had to eat something.

41
Q

Compare:

Don’t need - mustn’t

A

don’t need = não é necessário.

mustn’t = não deve fazer isso.

You don’t need to go. You can stay here if you want.

You mustn’t go. You must stay here.

42
Q

Como usamos o SHOULD? E a sua forma negativa.

A

You should do something = é uma coisa boa a se fazer, é uma coisa certa a se fazer.

It’s a good film. You should go and see it.

Should not = shouldn’t
- Tom shouldn’t go to bed so late.

43
Q

Compare MUST e SHOULD?

A

Must é mais forte que should.

It’s a good film. You should go and see it.
It’s a fantastic film. You must go and see it.

44
Q

Qual a outra forma de dizer should?

A

should = ought to

  • It’s a good film. You ought to go and see it.
45
Q

Quando usamos “I have to….”

A

I have to do something = é necessário que eu faça isso, eu estou me obrigando a fazer.

I’ll be late for work tomorrow. I have to go to the dentist.

46
Q

Quando usamos:

Would you like …?

Would you like to …?

A

Would you like …? = oferecer algo.
- Would you like some coffee?

Would you like to …? = para convidar alguém para…
- Would you like to go for a walk?

47
Q

Quando usamos:

I would like = I’d like

A

É uma forma mais polida para dizer “eu quero”

  • I’d like some information about hotels please.
48
Q

Quando usamos:

I used to ….

A

I used to = para dizer algo que acostumavamos fazer antes.

  • I used to read a lot of books, but I don’t read much these days.
  • Dave used to work in a factory.
49
Q

Compare “must” e “have to”

A

Os dois pode ser usado para dizer que você acha necessário fazer isso.

it’s a fantastic film. You must see it = You have to see it.

Quando você não está dando uma opinião pessoal, você usa = have to.

Jane won’t be at work this afternoon. She has to go to the doctor
[this is not my personal opinion – it is a fact]
Jane isn’t well. She doesn’t want to go the doctor, but I told her she must go.

50
Q

Como se usa o “too” e o “either”?

A

Too: usamos em sentenças positivas.

A: I’m happy.

B: I’m happy too.

Either: usamos em sentenças negativas.

A: I’m not happy.

B: I’m not happy either.

51
Q

Quando usamos “Which” e “What”?

A

Which: usamos quando perguntamos de algo com um número menor de possibilidades (2 a 4).

Which colour do you prefer, pink or yellow?

(Há quatros umbrellas aqui) - Which is yours?

What: usamos mais no geral.

What colour are his eyes?

What music do you like?

52
Q

Usos do “to” e do “for”?

A

To + verbo

  • They’re going to Brazil to see their friends.

for + substantivo

  • I went to the shop for a newspaper.
53
Q

get + substantivo =

A

Tem sentido de receber, comprar, encontrar:

  1. Did you get my postcard?
  2. I like your sweater. Where did you get it?
  3. Is it difficult to get a job at the moment?
54
Q

GET + meio de transporte =

A

Tem sentido de : take

  • get a bus = take a bus
    • get a train = take a train
55
Q

GET + adjetivo =

A

Tem sentido de “become” = tornar-se, vir a ser

You’re not hungry ⇒ you get hungry ⇒ you are hungry

  • If you don’t eat, you get hungry
    • I hope she gets better soon.
56
Q

get in/out/on/off

A

get in = entrar

get out = sair

get on = entrar - para meio de transporte.

get off = sair - para meio de transporte.

57
Q

Diferenças de “do” e “make”

A

do = geralmente é usado para ações

make = é usado com significado de “produce, create”

  • I did a lot yesterday. I cleaned my room. I made a cake.
58
Q

Expressões com make

A

a mistake = I’m sorry, I made a mistake.

an appointment

a list

a phone call

a noise

a bed

59
Q

Sentidos que podem ser usados com “have”

A
  • eat = She’s having a lunch.
  • drink = I had three cups of coffee.
    • take = something to eat/drink
60
Q

Descreva os sujeitos e seus objetos:

A

I ⇒ me = I know Tom ⇒ Tom knows me

We ⇒ us - We know Tom ⇒ Tom knows us

You ⇒ you - You know Tom ⇒ Tom knows you

He ⇒ him - He knows Tom ⇒ Tom knows him.

She ⇒ her - She knows Tom ⇒Tom knows her

They ⇒ Them - They know Tom ⇒ Tom knows them.

61
Q

Pronomes possessivos

A

I ⇒ my (I like my house)

we ⇒ our (We like our house)

you ⇒ your (You like your house)

he ⇒ his (He likes his house)

she ⇒ her (She likes her house)

they ⇒ their (They like their house)

it ⇒ its (Oxford=it is famous for its university)

62
Q

Escreva os sujeitos e seus respectivos objetos

A

I - Me

We - Us

You - you

He - Him

She - Her

They - Them

63
Q

Escreva os pronomes possessivos dos sujeitos

A

I - My

We - Our

You - Your

He - His

She - Her

They - Their

It - Its

64
Q

Complete: I - My ⇒ …

Qual é usado com substantivo?

A

I - My - Mine

We - Our - Ours

You - Your - Yours

He - His - His

She - Her - Hers

They - Their - Theirs

65
Q

Escreva os pronomes reflexivos de cada sujeito.

A

I - Me - Myself

We - Us - Ourselves

You - you - Yourself / Yourselves

He - Him - himself

She - Her - herself

They - Them - themselves

Ingles (4 decks)

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