Essential Exam 8 Memorization

Question 1

Which Ligand Binds and stimulates receptor to produce biological response which stabilizes the ACTIVE conformation? Shift in favor of active site

Answer 1

Agonist

Question 2

What is the definition of a Partial Agonist?

Answer 2

Binds and stimulates receptor which produces partial response. Neither on or off. Turned down “light dimmer”

Question 3

Which ligand does this describe? What effect on Receptor Equilibrium?

Binds receptor, no biological response, prevents agonist binding (competitive blocking)

Answer 3

Antagonists

Do not affect equilibrium

Question 4

Which Ligand binding agent binds receptor, stabilizes inactive conformation? Shift in favor of inactive site

Answer 4

Inverse Agonst

Question 5

Aspartic acid is important for what formation?

Answer 5

Salt bridge formation with anchoring nitrogen

Question 6

What is the major mechanism of

Question 7

Belief that a gesture of stimulus is directed at oneself describes

Answer 7

Referential Delusion

Question 8

Belief of exceptional abilities describes

Answer 8

Grandiose Delusion

Question 9

Belief that someone is in love with him/her describes

Answer 9

Erotomanic Delusion

Question 10

Belief that a major catastrophe will occur describes

Answer 10

Nihilistic delusions

Question 11

Belief on health or organ function describes

Answer 11

Somatic delusions

Question 12

Diminished emotional expression and reactivity describes

Answer 12

flattening/blunting negative sx

Question 13

poverty of speech describes

Answer 13

alogia negative sx

Question 14

lack of motivation describes

Answer 14

avolition negative sx

Question 15

inability to experience pleasure describes

Answer 15

anhedonia negative sx

Question 16

lack of interest in social interactions describes

Answer 16

asoclality negative sx

Question 17

Fixed beliefs that do not change in light of conflicting evidence describes

Answer 17

delusions

Question 18

Inability to maintain one thought describes

Answer 18

derailment (cognitive sx)

Question 19

giving answers in an oblique fashion describes

Answer 19

tangentiality (cognitive sx)

Question 20

word salad describes

Answer 20

incoherence (cognitive sx)

Question 21

Excessive long-windedness in reaching a conclusion describes

Answer 21

circumstantiality

Question 22

repeating back words heard from other people describes

Answer 22

clanging

Question 23

poor information processing and perceptual abnormalities (problems in filtering, encoding information) describes

Answer 23

cognitive symptoms

Question 24

Unpredictable agitation/disorganized movements is what kind of sx

Answer 24

Motor Sx

Question 25

Large reaction times and deficits in motor coordination along with poor performance in complex motor tasks is called

Answer 25

Psychomotor Slowing (Motor Sx)

Question 26

Lifeless, automatic obedience, associated with absence of goal-directed behavior and social withdrawal is called

Answer 26

Catatonia (Waxy Flexiblity)

Question 27

Late, acute onset; married, positive symptoms, family hx of mood disorder with well-adjusted, precipitating factors indicate what

Answer 27

good prognosis of schizophrenia

Question 28

early, insidious onset, single, negative sx, family hx of schizophrenia, not well-adjusted before onset, no precipitating factors indicate what

Answer 28

poor prognosis

Question 29

Two causes of schzophrenia (broad)

Answer 29

environmental and genetic

Question 30

Prenatal infection (born in winter) or bereavement, perinatal hyoxia/low APGAR score, drug abuse, stress are what

Answer 30

Environmental causes of schizophrenia

Question 31

Family hx, sibilings (especially twins), immediate/extended family hx of schizophrenia or other mental health problems are what

Answer 31

genetic causes of schizophrenia

Question 32

...causes auditory hallucinations and cognitive deficits

Answer 32

dysfunction of the temporal cortex

Question 33

.....causes NEGATIVE and COGNITIVE sx of schizophrenia

Answer 33

prefrontal cortex dysfunction

Question 34

Enlarged lateral ventricles make the _______ and _______ smaller

Answer 34

prefrontal and temporal lobe smaller

Question 35

architectural changes in pyramidal cells in.....schizophrenia

Answer 35

prefrontal cortex, temporal cortex, hippocampus

Question 36

shorter dendrites, smaller cell bodies, decreased spine density, decreased synaptic activity lead to

Answer 36

early NMDA impairment changes neuronal migration, spine formation, dendritic pruning

Question 37

Low NMDA function, 5HT-2A overactivation, DA dysregulation are all

Answer 37

neurochemical deficits in schizophrenia

Question 38

how you determine relevance in a given context/focus on something specific in the environment is...

Answer 38

lose salience

Question 39

if NMDA receptors don't work, have deficits in....

Answer 39

processing info and loss of sensory coherence - cannot filter interanl and external info

Question 40

Low function in prefrontal and temporal cortex....

Answer 40

will cause ALL symptoms

Question 41

.....depends on on/off contrast between adjacent pyramidal neurons, determined by interneurons, pyramidal neurons and interneurons interact via NMDA receptors

Answer 41

cortex function

Question 42

infections, hypoxia, drug abuse, and stress are causes of

Answer 42

schizophrenia

Question 43

KCNH2, DTNBP1, NRG1, DISC1, RGS4, are causes of

Answer 43

schizophrenia

Question 44

VTA ----- Nucleus accumbens pathway is part of which system

Answer 44

mesolimbic system

Question 45

VTA --------- Prefrontal cortex is a part of which system

Answer 45

Mesocortical system

Question 46

substantia nigra to dorsal striatum is the

Answer 46

nigrostriatal system

Question 47

All atypical second, third generation antipsychotics antagonize ____ and _____ at the same time. Enables a lower degree of

Answer 47

DA AND 5HT-2A ENABLES LOWER DEGREE OF D2 ANTAGONISM

Question 48

______ comes from the 5HT-2A blockade

Answer 48

antipsychotic effect

Question 49

MARTA stands for what, what drugs are they

Answer 49

Multi-Acting Receptor Targeting Agents: Clozapine, Olanzapine, Quetiapine

Question 50

MOA of SDAs? Which Drugs?

Answer 50

MOA: 5HT-2, D2 receptor antagonists Risperidone, paliperidone, ziprasidone

Question 51

Which drugs are DA stabilizers?

Answer 51

Aripiprazole, brexpiprazole, cariprazine

Question 52

which drugs potentially has effects on NMDA (reduces negative symtoms) and antagonizes D4 (less detrimental cognitive effects)

Answer 52

Clozapine

Question 53

Parkinsonism, Akathisia, Acute Dystonia, Tardive Dyskinesia are classified as what?

Answer 53

EPS: Extrapyramidal side effects

Question 54

restlessness, pacing fidgeting, subjective jitterniss is

Answer 54

akathisia

Question 55

rigidity, tremor, bradykinesia, mask-like faces is

Answer 55

parkinsonism

Question 56

dramatic and painful muscle spams (eyes neck tongue)

Answer 56

Acute Dystonia

Question 57

parkinsonism management

Answer 57

lower dose, switch to atypical, use anticholinergic (benztropine)

Question 58

akathisia treatment

Answer 58

lower dose, switch to atyical, use propranolol or benzo

Question 59

acute dystonia treatment

Answer 59

IM benzotropine or diphenhydramine - treat immediately

Question 60

tardive dyskinesia treatment

Answer 60

VMAT2 inhibitor (dutetrabenazine, valbenazine)

Question 61

fever, muscle rigidity, autonomic instability, delirium, muscle breakdown indicated by increased CPK is...

Answer 61

Antipsychotic malignant syndrome

Question 62

How do you you treat Antipsychotic Malignant Syndrom

Answer 62

1. Stop Antipsychotic 2. Dantrolone 3. Supportive measure (IV, cooling blanket) 4. Bromocriptine (dopamine agonist)