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3D Gait Analysis > Essential Elements of Running > Flashcards

Essential Elements of Running Flashcards

1
Q

What are the phases of the running gait cycle for the purpose of 3D Analysis?

A

Initial Contact
Midstance
Terminal Stance
Swing

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2
Q

Foot and Ankle position in the sagittal plane at Initial Contact?

A

5 deg DF

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3
Q

Foot and Ankle position in the frontal plane at Initial Contact?

A

5-10 deg Inversion

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4
Q

Knee position in the sagittal plane at Initial Contact?

A

15 deg Flexion

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5
Q

Knee position in the frontal plane at Initial Contact?

A

0 deg Valgus (Neutral)

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6
Q

Knee position in the transverse plane at Initial Contact?

A

10-12 deg External Rotation

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7
Q

Hip position in the sagittal plane at Initial Contact?

A

30 deg Flexion

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8
Q

Hip position in the frontal plane at Initial Contact?

A

10 deg Adduction

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9
Q

Hip position in the transverse plane at Initial Contact?

A

5-10 deg Interntal Rotation

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10
Q

Pelvis position in the sagittal plane at Initial Contact?

A

15-20 deg Anterior Tilt

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11
Q

Pelvis position in the frontal plane at Initial Contact?

A

0 to -5 deg

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12
Q

Foot and Ankle position in the sagittal plane at midstance?

A

20 deg Dorsiflexion

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13
Q

Foot and Ankle position in the frontal plane at midstance?

A

5-10 deg Eversion

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14
Q

Knee position in the sagittal plane at midstance?

A

40-45 deg Flexion

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15
Q

Knee position in the frontal plane at midstance?

A

3 deg Valgus

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16
Q

Knee position in the transverse plane at midstance?

A

0 deg Internal Rotation

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17
Q

Hip position in the sagittal plane at midstance?

A

30 deg Flexion

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18
Q

Hip position in the frontal plane at midstance?

A

15 deg Adduction

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19
Q

Hip position in the transverse plane at midstance?

A

0-5 Internal Rotation

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20
Q

Pelvis position in the sagittal plane at midstance?

A

15-20 deg Anterior Tilt

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21
Q

Pelvic position in the frontal plane at midstance?

A

Down 5-10 deg

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22
Q

Foot and Ankle position in the sagittal plane at terminal stance?

A

15 deg PF

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23
Q

Foot and Ankle position in the frontal plane at terminal stance?

A

5-10 deg Inversion

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24
Q

Knee position in the sagittal plane at terminal stance?

A

10 deg Flexion

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25
Q

Knee position in the frontal plane at terminal stance?

A

5 deg Varus

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26
Q

Knee position in the transverse plane at terminal stance?

A

5-10 deg External Rotation

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27
Q

Hip position in the sagittal plan at terminal stance?

A

10-20 deg Extension

28
Q

Hip position in the frontal plan at terminal stance?

A

0-5 deg Abduction

29
Q

Hip position in the transverse plan at terminal stance?

A

5 deg External Rotation

30
Q

Pelvis position in the sagittal plan at terminal stance?

A

20-27 deg Anterior Tilt

31
Q

Pelvis position in the frontal plan at terminal stance?

A

Up 5-10 deg

32
Q

Define:

Cadence

A

Steps per minute

33
Q

Define:

Ground Contact Time

A

Time spent on the ground during stance phase.

34
Q

Define:

Vertical Oscillation

A

Vertical displacement during running (also called bounce).

35
Q

Define:

Strike from COM

A

Distance between Initial Contact on one limb and your Center of Mass.

36
Q

Define:

Foot Inclination

A

Angle between foot and ground (higher angle=higher DF)

37
Q

Define:

Tibial Inclination

A

Position of tibia in relationship to vertical at initial contact

38
Q

Define:

Base of Support

A

Width of Stance

39
Q

Define:

Contralateral Pelvic Drop

A

Lowering of non stance hip

40
Q

Define:

Trunk Lean

A

Angle created from the point of contact through the hip to the trunk

41
Q

Define:

Hip Seperation Angle

A

Angle formed between the femurs at initial contact of stance leg. Increased deg = increased stride length.

42
Q

Define:

Stiffness

A

How “springy” you are…

43
Q

Define:

Vertical Ground Reaction Force

A

How hard the ground is returning force on the body.

44
Q

Define:

Instantaneous Vertical Loading Rate

A

Point of highest force relative to time.

45
Q

Define:

Horizontal Ground Reaction Force

A

Braking Force.

46
Q

Muscle Activity:

Glute Max/Hamstring During Absorption.

Acting?

A

Limits Hip Flexion.

Eccentric.

47
Q

Muscle Activity:

Glute Med/TFL During Absorption.

Acting?

A

Limit Hip Adduction.

Eccentric

48
Q

Muscle Activity:

Quadriceps During Absorption.

Acting?

A

Limite Knee Flexion.

Eccentric.

49
Q

Muscle Activity:

Gastrocnemius/Soleus During Absorption.

Acting?

A

Limits DF.

Eccentric.

50
Q

Muscle Activity:

Posterior Tibialis During Absorption.

Acting?

A

Limits Pronation.

Eccentric.

51
Q

Muscle Activity:

Glute Max/Hamstring During Terminal Stance.

Acting?

A

Extend the Hip.

Concentric.

52
Q

Muscle Activity:

Glute Med/TFL During Terminal Stance.

Acting?

A

Abduct the Hip.

Concentric.

53
Q

Muscle Activity:

Quadriceps During Terminal Stance.

Acting?

A

Extend the Knee.

Concentric.

54
Q

Muscle Activity:

Gastrocnemius/Soleus During Terminal Stance.

Acting?

A

Plantar flex the ankle.

Concentric.

55
Q

Muscle Activity:

Posterior Tib During Terminal Stance.

Acting?

A

Supinate the foot.

Concentric.

56
Q

Muscle Activity:

Iliopsoas/Rectus During Initial Swing.

Acting?

A

Flex the Hip.

Concentric.

57
Q

Muscle Activity:

Rectus Femoris During Initial Swing.

Acting?

A

Slow knee Flexion.

Eccentric

58
Q

Muscle Activity:

Anterior Tibialis During Initial Swing.

Acting?

A

Dorsiflex the Foot.

Concentric.

59
Q

Muscle Activity:

Glute Max/Hamstring During Terminal Swing.

Acting?

A

Extend the hip.

Concentric.

60
Q

Muscle Activity:

Hamstrings During Terminal Swing.

Acting?

A

Limit Knee Extension.

Eccentric

61
Q

Muscle Activity:

Anterior Tibilais During Terminal Swing.

Acting?

A

Dorsiflex the Ankle.

Isometric.

62
Q

What are the 5 characteristics of the Overstrider category?

A
  • Initial Contact in front of COM
  • Large Tibial Inclination Angle
  • Lack of Knee Flexion at IC
  • Prolonged stance time
  • Slow Cadence
63
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of the Collapser?

A
  • Contralateral Pelvic Drop
  • Dynamic Knee Valgus
  • Prolonged Pronation
64
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of the Weaver?

A
  • Cross Over Pattern
  • Increased Transverse Plane Motion
  • Narrow Base of Support
65
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of the Bouncer?

A
  • Excessive Vertical Displacement
  • Decreased Hip Drive
  • Decreased Knee Flexion at IC
  • “Pony Tail” Sign
66
Q

What are the 2 characteristics of the Glute Amnesiac?

A
  • Decreased Forward Trunk Lean
  • Contact in front of COM
67
Q

What percentage of change to cadence is the goal change to start seeing reduction in ground reaction forces?

A

5-10%

3D Gait Analysis (1 decks)

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