Essays Flashcards
All methods of influencing government
Voting, consultations, lobbying government, petitions
Voting stats
+ eg. Convervative voted out in 2024
- unrepresentative eg. FPTP less small parties
Consultations stats
+ shows opinion eg. retirement age for lawyers
- for show eg. non-surgical cosmetic prosthetic procedures
Petitions stats
+ influential eg. Marcus Rashford free school meals
- reject many eg. ban Donald Trump
Lobbying Government Stats
+ eg. TIE lobbied Scottish Government to include LGBT stuff in education
- ineffective eg. British Blind Society on online voting
All voting systems (FPTP) points
Strong bond between MP and constituency, less representation, simple
Strong MP-Consituency Bond Stats
+ impact eg. Jeremy Corbyn being re-elected for Islington North because people know him well after >20 years
- weak MP bad eg. Nadine Dorries who didn’t hold a meeting in constituency/ speak in parliament for a year
FPTP Less Representation Stats
- 60% vote for a party, 40% of population unrepresented
+ majorities are strong eg. David Cameron with Brexit in 2016
FPTP Simplicity Stat
+ not like AMS, which meant almost 150,000 spoiled ballots when first implemented
All USA International Influence Points
International organizations, military, trade
USA International Organisations Stats
+ eg. part of UN HQ in NYC
+ Influence, major supporter of Israel giving strong foothold in the middle east
- Russia vetoeing intervention in Syria
- relations with Isreal also strained
USA Military Stats
+ Cold War won
+ NATO want US
- Taliban regained control in Afghanistan within 2 weeks 2021
- lost billions including 85 billion dollars worth of equipment
USA Trade Stats
+ 2nd largest exporter
+ Free Trade agreements eg. Chile and Canada
+ Apple and Amazon
- China trade tariff retaliation
- indebted to China
All USA Participation Points
Voting, candidacy, advocacy groups
USA Voting Stats
+ ballot initiatives eg. legalising cannabis, abortion votes
- electoral college representation
- hispanic voter ID (estimated 6.1% lack ID)
USA Candidacy Stats
+ diversity eg. Obama, Harris
- no spending cap like UK
USA Advocacy Groups Stats
+ eg. NRA supporting Trump 30million in 2016
- Planned Parenthood big pro-abortion group but supreme court ruling still against it
All Social Inequality Women Points
Fewer management positions, gender pay gap, care duties, risk of abuse
Women Management Positions Stats
- eg. 42% FTSE board members, glass ceiling
+ improvement after 24.5% in 2017
Gender pay gap
- 7% pay gap (2024) with more women doing 5Cs
+ equal pay act of 1970 means same roles paid equally, also <½ the 16.3% pay gap in 2000
Women doing Childcare/ care stats
- eg. 75% part-time workforce women, part time = 2x poverty rate
+ gender pay gap for part-time work in favour of women by 3.3% (more women to be successful)
Women Risk of Abuse Stats
- 84% of domestic abuse victims in UK courts are female, 95% of cases of domestic abuse involve economic abuse
All Causes of Inequality
Unemployment
Low pay
Disability
Gender
All Government Responses Points
UC, National Minimum Wage, higher education sco, MUP
UC Stats
+ Record high of 75.8% of 16-64 yr olds in work, encouraging work
- poverty persists - need for foodbanks up 128% 2016-2021
Higher education Scotland Stats
+ save students £9535 p.a.
- poorly funding eg. St. Andrews 40% International Students
MUP Stats
+ target cheap vodka and cider eg. binge drinking from 21%- 15% from 2011-2022
- still 15-year high of deaths, 22.6/100,000, also more shoplifting
National Minimum Wage Stats
+ over 21 yr olds £11.44/ hour, good for women + BAME
- living wage April 2025 £12.21
National Minimum Wage Stats
+ over 21 yr olds £11.44/ hour, good for women + BAME
- living wage April 2025 £12.21
