Essay Question One

Question 1

What is an exercise addiction

Answer 1

“Exercise behaviour that results in harm to the exerciser and his or her social environment” and “an abnormal reliance on physical activity”

Question 2

Who said “Exercise behaviour that results in harm to the exerciser and his or her social environment” and “an abnormal reliance on physical activity”

Answer 2

Szabo 2000

Question 3

Who talks about the fact that although benefits can be gained from exercise failure to control this behaviour can result in negative consequences like physical injury and a neglect of everyday responsibilities and work, family and social life.

Answer 3

Morgan 1979

Question 4

What did Morgan 1979 say

Answer 4

He talked about the fact that that although benefits can be gained from exercise failure to control this behaviour can result in negative consequences like physical injury and a neglect of everyday responsibilities and work, family and social life.

Question 5

What is perfectionism

Answer 5

Perfectionism is the trait based tendency to have extremely high expectations of the self or others (Matsumoto 2009)

Question 6

What did the systemic review of 22 by Cakin et al find

Answer 6

Perfectionism is related to exercise addiction, only one study did not an association between the two

Question 7

What did Hagan and Hausenblas (2003) find

Answer 7

Hagan and Hausenblas found that high scoring exercise dependent participants were more perfectionist compared to less addicted ones. The high exercise addiction group also showed more exercise addiction symptoms than low scoring subjects.

Question 8

Why is exercise addiction accepted in gym culture

Answer 8

Behaviours associated with addictive exercise are considered to lie within cultural norms and are therefore socially supported and encouraged, especially within the gym culture.

Question 9

What did Lichtensteins (2017) study into wether exercise addiction is socially acceptable at gyms

Answer 9

It is socially acceptable because those with a high risk of exercise addiction reported the same level of exercise support as those with low risk.

Question 10

What did McNamara and McCabe (2012) find

Answer 10

That those at risk of exercise addiction felt greater pressure from their coach and teammates and also had lower social support that athletes who were not at risk of exercise addiction

Question 11

Prevalence-
In the general population of exercise addiction is very low

Answer 11

(Berczik et al 2012, Szabo 2000, Szabo 2010)

Question 12

What is the rate of exercise addiction in the UK (Szabo and Griffiths 2007)

Answer 12

3.6%

Question 13

What is the rate of exercise addiction in triathletes (Blaydon and Linder 2002)

Answer 13

52%

Question 14

What percentage of men and women are addicted to running (Slay et al 1998)

Answer 14

26% men 25% women

Question 15

What range of endurance athletes have an exercise addiction (Noguiera et al 2018)

Answer 15

3% to 42%

Question 16

What are the three criticisms of the concept of exercise addiction (Griffiths, 2001)

Answer 16

Exercise addiction is not seem as a ‘legitimate’ addiction
Some view exercise as a positive past time necessary for healthy living
More normal to engage in exercise than to not exercise

Question 17

What are the two most common screening tools used for exercise addiction

Answer 17

The exercise dependence scale (EDS) and the exercise addiction inventory (EAI)

Question 18

What is the EDS (Symons downs et al., 2004)

Answer 18

The Exercise Dependance Scale which is a 21 item measure which is based on DSM-IV criteria for substance dependence

Question 19

What is the EAI (Terry et al 2004)

Answer 19

The exercise addiction inventory which is a brief 6 item measure based on the six components of addiction : Withdrawal, Salience, mood modification, tolerance, conflict, and relapse.