Essay Plans Flashcards
‘Giolitti’s social and economic reforms in the early twentieth century were entirely ineffectual.’
How far do you agree with this statement ?
P1 - Socially Ineffective - won over some PSI support yet failed in the N/S divide = largely ineffectual
P2 - Economically Ineffective - Largely ineffectual as they failed to stop the rise of nationalist support and growth was unequal (ie. focused in the north)
P3 - Some successes - Some parts of the policies were effective
Criteria = did they achieve goals ?
To what extent were the main policy aims of Giolitti’s gov abandoned during WW1?
P1 - Economic Modernisation - Largely abandoned - military prep (salandra) distorted modernisation.
P2 - Political / Social Unity - Largely abandoned - intervention crisis 1915 divided nation
P3 - Making Italy a great power - Not abandoned - nationalism was promoted during WW1.
How far was the fall of Giolitti in 1914 due to his decision to extend the franchise?
P1 - Extension of the Franchise - Very Accurate - facilitated his fall following the 1913 election
P2 - Libyan War (1911) - somewhat accurate - led to growing political dissent - however - catholic financial interests + overturning Adawa shame (1898)
P3 - N/S divide - largely accurate - However - the extension actually allowed angered southerns to voice this.
To what extent were the mistakes of liberal politicians the most significant factor leading to the rise of Fascism 1919-22
How accurate is it to say that the passing of the Acerbo Law was the most significant development in the evolution of dictatorship in Italy in the years 1922-26?
P1 - Acerbo Law - Inaccurate - Never used
P2 - Weakness of King / Elites - supported Mussolini over the Aventine Seccession, elites denounced violence - somewhat sig. (not most)
P3 - Matteotti Murder - Caused the Aventine Seccession, Mussolini could easily pass laws to establish dictatorship - Most significant.
How accurate is it to say that the methods used by Italian fascists to attract support for the movement completely changed during the years 1919-22?
P1 - Catholic Policy - Complete change - radical anti-clerical policy to supporting catholicism.
P2 - Approach to working class - Largely changed - intially supported workers - changed to opposing socialist threat.
P3 - Use of Violence - Relatively similar - some oppostition to violence when Mussolini resigned 1921, returned to squad violence.
How far was Mussolini’s successful consolidation of power 1922-28 due to propaganda?
P1 - Propaganda - Greatly important - Established cult of il Duce, however other newspapers were more popular.
P2 - Use of Violence - Facilitated constitutional amendments - which consolidated dictatorship
P3 - Const. Amendment. - Provided legitmacy to the regime but required violence to be achieved.
How effective was the Fascist response to political opposition in the years 1922-39?
P1 - Opposition Press Censorship = largely effective didn’t completely control
