Essay

Question 1

Hoe is depression characterised?

Answer 1

Negative affect, low mood and a range of cognitive social and behavioural symptoms

Question 2

Dsm symptoms of depression? 9

Answer 2

*Depressed mood most days
*loss of interest ir pleasure
Significant weight fluctuations
Sleep disturbance
Psychomotor agitation or retardation
Fatigue or loss of energy
Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
Loss of concentratin ir ability to think
Recurrent thoughts of death

Question 3

H9w many symptoms of depression are eneeded for a diagnosis?

Answer 3

5/9

Question 4

What model are you using for depression?

Answer 4

Negative cognitive style (Abramson et al 1989)

Question 5

What does abramson et al (1989) model propose? 6

Answer 5

Ho0eless theory if depression
- Built from attributions theory if depression.
Those with depression or at risk they deal with negative event:
Internal (my fault)
Produice negative and stable thoughts about consequences for future (I’m boring therefore I will always get dumped)
- negative application for self worth that are global and stable
Produces sense of noplessness resulting in depression

Question 6

Equation for theory of ho0lessmess (ambramson et al 1989)

Answer 6

Negative event+ negative cognitive style=hopelessness+ depression

Question 7

What study is used to evaluate thr negative cognitive style of depression (Abramson et al, 1989)?

Answer 7

Costantini et al (2021)

Question 8

What was thr aim in costantini et al (2021)?

Answer 8

Look at indicators of depression in adolescence (negative cog style and locus of control) znd Jo’s fjos products depression in early adulthood

Question 9

What eas Costantini dt al (2021) sample?

Answer 9

Approx 4000 ya in the UK

Question 10

Method of costantini et al (2021)?

Answer 10

Longitudinal study measuring cog style at 17 znf MDE symptoms at 23

Question 11

What we’re costantini rt al (2021) results? 2

Answer 11

Over 20% met MDD threshold
1 sd inceease in neg cog style= 29% increase of probable depression later on

Question 12

Ehat psycholo8gcal intervention are you evaluating for depression?

Answer 12

Cbt

Question 13

Ehat evidence are you using for cbt and depression?

Answer 13

Cujpers et al (2008)

Question 14

What did cujpers et al (2008l do? 3

Answer 14

7 met analyses
Totalling 63 studies
Rcts comparing up to 7 psychotherapies

Question 15

What was cujpers et al (2008) results? 2

Answer 15

Cbt more effective than placebo
However, concluded that only interpersonal psychotherapy was most effective intervention out of 7

Question 16

What bio treatment for depression?

Answer 16

Ssris

Question 17

What ssris are you evaluating for depression?

Answer 17

Escitaloptam

Question 18

Ehat 2 studies are you using for realistic ssris for depression?

Answer 18

Wagner et al (2006) escotalopram vs placebo

Montgomery rt al (2011) escitaloptam vs citalopram

Question 19

What was Warner rt al (2006) sample?

Answer 19

200+ 6-17 yrs eith depression

Question 20

What method was wagner rt al (2006l? 3

Answer 20

Double blind rct
8 week course of either escitalopram or placebo
Outcome from difference of scores from baseline depression psychometroc zmd post treatment psychometric

Question 21

What was wagner et al (2006) result? 3

Answer 21

Esctialopram had no signf8csnt improvement in tital sample
Had sig improvement I adolescent sample (12-17 years)

Question 22

What adverse effects were reported in wagner et al (2008)? 4

Answer 22

Headaches and abdominal.pain
Suicidal in 1 case
2 suicidal in placebo

Question 23

What did Montgomery et al (2011) do? 3

Answer 23

8 rcts and 1 naturalistic trial = meta analysis of rcts
(Escitalopram vs citalopram)

Question 24

Sample of escitalopran trials and citalopram trials?

Answer 24

Esxitalopram = 995
Citalopram = 1014

Question 25

Ehay were the results from.montgomery eg al (2017l ? 2

Answer 25

Baseline znd post trsstmdnt meann difference = 1.7

Ewcitlopram statistically sg8nificznt effect
Clinically sig