Essay

Question 1

Why is diagnosis important?

Answer 1

Able to understand and treat conditions

Question 2

Why was diagnosis introduced? 2

Answer 2

Poet war more people having mental.hslsth symptoms
Needed to be able to understand and treat

Question 3

What is diagnosis?

Answer 3

A standardised categorisation of symptoms that fit a criteria of a menatl health condition

Question 4

What are rhe issues of diagnosis for essay? 3

Answer 4

Validity- symptoms presented differently- are we treating same condition?

Outcomes- mixed outcomes of recovery from diagnosis method- link to stigmatisation

Question 5

What is case formulation? 2

Answer 5

A c9gnitiv3 framew9rk used in clinical practice to identify potential causes of illness and most effective treatment.

Collaboration between clinicians and patient

Question 6

What are the 5 P’s of formulation?

Answer 6

• Presenting problem
• precipitating factors
• predisposing factors
• perpetuating factors
• protective factors

Question 7

What do fried and nesse (2015) evidence? 2

Answer 7

Challenges the validity of diagnosis
- through looking at depression profiles (unique profiles) of those diagnosed with MDD

Question 8

What was the fried and nesse (2015) sample?

Answer 8

3703 diagnosed with depression

Question 9

What we’re the common symptoms of depression I fried and nesse (2015)? 3

Answer 9

Sad mood
Loss of energy
Concentration problems

Question 10

What did fried and nesse (2015) look for in symptoms profiles? 4

Answer 10

• unique profiles
  -combination of symptoms
  Severity
  Presentation

Question 11

What did fried and nesse (2015) find? 5

Answer 11

-median number if symptoms people report in dsm criteria is 6/9

1030 unique profiles

Average of 3.6 patient per profile
48.6% of profiles shared with 1 other
13.5% of profiles exclusive

Question 12

What we’re the limitations of fried and nesse (2015)?

Answer 12

Patients were medicated- effect presentation of symptoms

Question 13

How can the fried and nesse (2015) limitations be counteracted? 2

Answer 13

If the neural processes of depression are the same, it doesn’t matter

• however, medication doesn’t work for everyone so are chnrucal.proceeses fbe same?

Question 14

What is the takeaway of fried Nd nesse (2015)

Answer 14

Challenges the validation of diagnosis- depression may be made of different conditions

Question 15

What evidence dis used for validation of formulation?

Answer 15

Mumma (2011)

Question 16

What is mummy (2011) doing?

Answer 16

Narrative review on validation of cog behba8oueal case formulation

Question 17

What did mumma et al (2011) propose? 2

Answer 17

Limited empirical evidence of CF to conduct validity
- need to develop a content Nd construct measurement to validate case formulation

Question 18

Who proposed a validation process of formulation?

Answer 18

Mumma and Fluck (2016)

Question 19

How did mumma and fluck (2016) validate formulation?4

Answer 19

Validate CBCF through psychometroc validation process

Daily/weekly standardised check ins
- looking qr dysfunction, strength of symptoms and contextual factors
- calculate approximate internal validity

Question 20

What are the takeaways from.mumma and fluck (2016)? 2

Answer 20

CF is very individual and therefore validation is difficult
- can only br validated on certain cases but not all

Question 21

What argument will you make to move on from validation?

Answer 21

Validation doesn’t matter that much if the outcomes are good

Question 22

What paper will you use to dicuss formulation outcomes and the tie to dtigma?

Answer 22

Berry et al (2009)

Question 23

What paper will be used for good outcomes in formulation?

Answer 23

Rainworth et al (2013)

Question 24

Ehat did Rainworth et al (2013) do?

Answer 24

Literature view of case formulation in clinical practice

Question 25

Ehat did Rainworth et al (2013) find? 2

Answer 25

Good 0at8enr outcomes from cf

Limited data tho

Question 26

What did berry et al (2009) do?

Answer 26

Lo9ked at Joe stigma may affect patients care

Collected data from staff working in psychiatric hospitals about their patients and did case formulation

Question 27

What we’re berry et al (2009) sample? 2

Answer 27

30 staff from 4 different hospitals
And a small number of sz inpatients

Question 28

What data did they collect from dtaff in the berry et al (2009) study? 5

Answer 28

Staff perceptions if:
- causes
Control
Stability of sz patients
Cliniciam confidence
Neg feelings towards.patienr

Question 29

What were the berry et al (2009) results?

Answer 29

• case formulation significantly effected dtaff perceptions of mental illness and patient story

Question 30

Takeaway from berry et al (2009)2

Answer 30

Cf seems to before positive experience of mental health and reduces stigma
Good.patient outcomes

Question 31

Limitations to very rt al (2009)

Answer 31

Not a direct measurement of patient outcomes

Question 32

Who found a mixed bag if pos and neg cf experience?

Answer 32

Pqin et al (2008)

Question 33

What is the stigma in diagnosis study?

Answer 33

Howe et al (2014)

Question 34

What did however rt al (2014) do?

Answer 34

Qual semi structured interviews
Using IPA

Question 35

What was the howe dt al (2014) sample?

Answer 35

7 sz patients

Question 36

What did howe et al (2014) find? 2

Answer 36

Negative eexperi3nfes
Themes:
Diagnosis avoidance
- stigma around diagnos5if label