ESRM201 ID - Need to Know Native Plants

Question 1

Douglas-fir

Answer 1

Pseudotsuga menziesii Not a true fir Bottlebrush, pointy buds Distinct bark Tri-dentate (mouse tail cones).

Question 2

Western hemlock

Answer 2

Tsuga heterophylla WA State tree. Needles flat, blunt and different lengths tends to be flat sprays. Abundant, hanging cones w papery scales. Long droopy branches and apical stem.

Question 3

Mountain hemlock

Answer 3

Tsuga mertensiana

Question 4

Western redcedar

Answer 4

Thuja plicata redcedar not red cedar Scale-like needles (shingled). Reddish-brown bark in strips Small abundant rose shaped cones. Green immature, brown mature

Question 5

Sitka spruce

Answer 5

Picea sitchensis

Question 6

Engelmann spruce

Answer 6

Picea engelmannii

Question 7

Grand fir

Answer 7

Abies grandes True fir, cruciform branching Flat, notched needles. Flat orientation off sides of branch. Smells like Xmas. Cones, erect, remain on tree.

Question 8

Noble fir

Answer 8

Abies procera

Question 9

Subalpine fir

Answer 9

Abies lasiocarpa

Question 10

Pacific silver fir

Answer 10

Abies amabilis True fir, cruciform branching Flat, notched needles. Dome orientation off sides and top of branch. Grow towards tip of branch. Bark generally remains smooth w/ characteristic white patches Cones, erect, remain on tree.

Question 11

Western white pine

Answer 11

Pinus monticola Bunched needles (5 per fascicle and middle of three pines). Super soft. Bark brown with cinnamon on mature trees, ridged Cones long, banana shaped, papery and w/o prickles

Question 12

Coast redwood

Answer 12

Sequoia sempervirens

Question 13

Lodgepole pine

Answer 13

Pinus contorta W vs E population (shore vs lodgepole) Bunched needles (2 per fascicle and shortest of three pines). Small egg shaped cones, stiff and w prickles.

Question 14

Ponderosa pine

Answer 14

Pinus ponderosa Bunched needles (3 per fascicles and longest of three pines) Bark brown with orange on mature trees, platey and puzzle shaped. Smells of vanilla in warm weather Cones big with stiff, pointy scales.

Question 15

Western larch

Answer 15

Larix occidentalis

Question 16

Pacific yew

Answer 16

Taxus brevifolia Needles pointed, flat splayed Bark red, scaley, Green new growth Cones not berries (aril) Poisonous.

Question 17

Pacific Dogwood

Answer 17

Cornus nuttallii Deciduous, low apical control Leaves are opposite, oval and pointed w/ distinct vein pattern Flowers w showy bracts Clusters of bright red berries

Question 18

Pacific madrone

Answer 18

Arbutus menziesii

Question 19

Black cottonwood

Answer 19

Populus trichocarpa

Question 20

Bigleaf maple

Answer 20

Acer macrophyllum Bigleaf not Big leaf Moderate apical control Deciduous. Flowers with or before leaves. Large palmate leaves with 5 lobes. Grey-brown ridged bark. Associates w moss, lichens & ferns (licorice). Winged seed pair (samaras) form V shape

Question 21

Red alder

Answer 21

Alnus rubra

Question 22

Garry oak

Answer 22

Quercus garryana Only WA native oak and only example. Distinct “oak leaf” lobbed, thick durable leaves Bark similar to bigleaf maple Acorns

Question 23

Quaking aspen

Answer 23

Populus tremuloides

Question 24

Indian plum

Answer 24

Oemleria cerasiformis Dioecious, one of the first to flower in spring Alternate, pale-green, broadly lance shaped with smooth margins (smell like cucumber). Bell-shaped greenish-white flowers clustered and originating from axil. Odd smell. Ripe fruits look like small plumbs (purple when ripe, peach when not). Edible but bitter.

Question 25

Salmonberry

Answer 25

Rubus spectabilis

Question 26

Vine maple

Answer 26

Acer circinatum Low apical control Deciduous. Small palmate leaves with 7-9 lobes. Sometimes hairy. Flowers white clusters at end of shoots Winged seed pair (samaras) form straight shape

Question 27

Dull/Short Oregon grape

Answer 27

Mahonia nervosa

Question 28

Shiny/Tall Oregon grape

Answer 28

Mahonia aquifolium

Question 29

Sword fern

Answer 29

Polystichum munitum Once-pinnate, alternate leaflets w characteristic “hilt” at base Two rows of sori on bottom of leaflets

Question 30

Salal

Answer 30

Gualtheria shallon Super common understory plant in lowland forests Alternate, egg shaped, evergreen and thick. Sharply, or finely toothed. Flowers are hanging, urn-shaped, white/pinkish and cluster at the end of the stem. Fruits are dark-purple (sometimes reddish), edible.

Question 31

Snowberry

Answer 31

Symphoricarpos albus Opposite leaves, that are elliptical to ovate, but highly variable. Size and margin (smooth to wavy). White/pinkish bell-shaped flowers clustered. Distinct white berries, persist through winter.

Question 32

Snowbrush

Answer 32

Ceanothus velutinus

Question 33

Devil’s club

Answer 33

Oplopanax horridus

Question 34

Red huckleberry

Answer 34

Vaccinium parvifolium Alternate, oval leaves typically smooth margins. Characteristic green color. Branches are green and sharply angled from central stem. Green/yellow/pink urn-shaped flowers originating as singles from leaf axils. Bright red berries, edible but a little sour.

Question 35

Licorice fern

Answer 35

Polypodium glycyrrhiza

Question 36

Silvery lupine

Answer 36

Lupinus argenteus var. laxiflorus

Question 37

Serviceberry/Saskatoon

Answer 37

Amelanchier alnifolia

Question 38

Red flowering currant

Answer 38

Ribes sanguineum Ribes is a host plant for white pine blister rust; the fungal pathogen decimating western white pines. Alternate, regularly/irregularly 5 lobed leaves, lighter and hairy on bottom. Flowers range from white-pink-red, large clusters Blue-black berries (edible but unpalatable).