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HEMA LAB > ESR > Flashcards

ESR Flashcards

1
Q

ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE (ESR) is also known as ____

A

Sed Rate

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2
Q

The distance in millimeter (mm) at which the RBCs fall in 1 hour

A

ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE (ESR)

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3
Q

A non-specific marker of underlying inflammation

A

ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE (ESR)

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4
Q

The manner of reporting in ESR

A

mm/hr

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5
Q

↑ (+) Acute Phase Reactant (Plasma Proteins) will cause an increase or decrease in ESR?

A

↑ ESR

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6
Q

Enumerate the materials used in ESR

A

EDTA Whole Blood
Wintrobe tube
Wintrobe tube stand
Westergren tube
Westergren tube stand
Long-tipped Pasteur pipette - for Wintrobe Method
Rubber Aspirator
NSS

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7
Q

Percent of Normal Saline Solution (NSS) used in ESR

A

0.85% NaCl Solution

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8
Q

This method uses a wintrobe tube

A

WINTROBE-LANDSBERG METHOD

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8
Q

This method uses a wintrobe tube

A

WINTROBE-LANDSBERG METHOD

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9
Q

bore of wintrobe tube

A

3.0

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10
Q

Calibrations of wintrobe tube

A

up to 100 mm (10 cm)

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11
Q

Length of wintrobe tube

A

115mm

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12
Q

T/F
Wintrobe Tube is used for Microhematocrit

A

False; macrohematocrit

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13
Q

How many markings does the wintrobe tube contain

A

2

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14
Q

What are the two markings of the wintrobe tube?

A

0 to 100 – red, ESR
100 to 0 – white, macrohematocrit method

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15
Q

What are the specimens used in WINTROBE-LANDSBERG METHOD

A

EDTA whole blood
Citrated Blood (3.8% Sodium Citrate)

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16
Q

State the procedure of the WINTROBE-LANDSBERG METHOD

A
  1. Fill up the Wintrobe tube to the 0 mark with EDTA whole blood/oxalated blood using long-tipped Pasteur pipette
  2. Allow to stand in a vertical position for one hour at room temperature
  3. Take and record reading in mm/hr.
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17
Q

T/F (WINTROBE-LANDSBERG METHOD)

Avoid bubbles because it can affect the result of ESR

A

True

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18
Q

T/F (WINTROBE-LANDSBERG METHOD)

If there are bubbles, repeating the procedure is not necessary

A

False; If there are bubbles, repeat the procedure

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19
Q

T/F (WINTROBE-LANDSBERG METHOD)

Allow to stand in a complete horizontal position, not tilted because it can affect the ESR result.

A

False; Allow to stand in a complete VERTICAL position, not tilted because it can affect the ESR result.

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20
Q

T/F (WINTROBE-LANDSBERG METHOD)

Should be performed at room temperature only, if less than or more than room temperature, it can affect the ESR result.

A

True

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21
Q

T/F (WINTROBE-LANDSBERG METHOD)

Should be performed near from the sunlight

A

False; Should be performed AWAY from the sunlight because it can affect the temperature.

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22
Q

T/F (WINTROBE-LANDSBERG METHOD)

Should be away from any type of vibrations because it can affect the ESR result.

A

True

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23
Q

When reading the result, the buffy coat should not be included because?

A

It could cause:
ESR: false decrease
Hematocrit: false increase

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24
Q

More commonly used ESR method

A

WESTERGREN METHOD

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25
Q

Uses Westergren Tube

A

WESTERGREN METHOD

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26
Q

Bore of Westergren tube

A

2.5 mm

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27
Q

Calibration of Westergren tube

A

200 mm

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28
Q

Length of Westergren tube

A

300 mm

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29
Q

Marking of Westergren tube

A

0 to 200

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30
Q

The specimen used in Westergren method

A

Whole blood (3.8% Sodium Citrate)
EDTA Whole Blood

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31
Q

Diluent in EDTA Whole blood used in westergren method

A

3.8% Na Citrate or 0.85% NSS

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32
Q

Dilution in EDTA Whole blood used in westergren method

A

4 parts blood to 1 part diluent (4:1)

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33
Q

State the procedure of Westergren method

A
  1. Mix blood by gentle inversion
  2. Insert Westergren tube into the tube containing blood
  3. Allow to stand in a vertical position for one hour
  4. Take and record reading in mm/hr
34
Q

T/F
Westergren Method has the same consideration as the Wintrobe Method

A

True

  1. Avoid bubbles
  2. Vertical position
  3. Room temperature
  4. Away from sunlight (affects temp)
  5. Avoid any vibrations
  6. When reading the result, the buffy coat should NOT be included:
    ESR: false decrease
    Hematocrit: false increase
35
Q

Reference value (WESTERGREN METHOD)

0-50-year-old men:

A

0-15 mm/hr

36
Q

Reference value (WESTERGREN METHOD)

> 50-year-old men:

A

0-20 mm/hr

37
Q

Reference value (WESTERGREN METHOD)

0-50-year-old women:

A

0-20 mm/hr

38
Q

Reference value (WESTERGREN METHOD)

> 50-year-old women:

A

0-30 mm/hr

39
Q

T/F

The ESR of female individuals are more consistent compared to men

A

False; The ESR of MALE individuals are more consistent compared to WOMEN

40
Q

Consideration for women (Westergren method)

A

Pregnant: ↑ ESR during 3rd and 4th trimester.
After giving birth: ↑ ESR up to 3rd to 4th month

41
Q

Enumerate the 3 stages of ESR

A

Agglomeration Phase/ Lag Phase
Rapid/Fast Settling Phase
Final Sedimentation Phase

42
Q

STAGES OF ESR

first 10 minutes

A

Agglomeration Phase/ Lag Phase

43
Q

STAGES OF ESR

40 minutes

A

Rapid/Fast Settling Phase

44
Q

STAGES OF ESR

10 minutes

A

Final Sedimentation Phase

45
Q

Initial rouleaux formation occurs (slow)

A

Agglomeration Phase/ Lag Phase

46
Q

Why is there an initial rouleaux formation in the Agglomeration phase/lag phase?

A

Because cells are spherocytic

47
Q

Few cells sink under gravity but majority form agglomerates

A

Agglomeration Phase/ Lag Phase

48
Q

“Initial period of aggregation/rouleaux phase”

A

Agglomeration Phase/ Lag Phase

49
Q

“Period of fast settling”

A

Rapid/Fast Settling Phase

50
Q

Aka Decantation Phase

A

Rapid/Fast Settling Phase

51
Q

More rapid and constant RBC sedimentation

A

Rapid/Fast Settling Phase

52
Q

Aka Final settling Phase/Final Period of Packing

A

Final Sedimentation Phase

53
Q

RBC sedimentation is slow

A

Final Sedimentation Phase

54
Q

Conditions characterized by High ESR

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis
Lupus
Anemia
Endocarditis
Kidney Disease
Osteomyelitis
Tuberculosis
Syphilis
Thyroid Disease

55
Q

Conditions characterized by Low ESR

A

Sickle cell anemia
Polycythemia
Blood hyperviscosity
Hypofibrinogenemia
Congestive heart failure

56
Q

↑ in all types of blood cells, ↓ESR

A

Polycythemia

57
Q

T/F

ESR is increased in polycythemia

A

False; decreased

58
Q

Enumerate the factors affecting ESR

A

Old Specimen (> 2hrs)
Plasma Proteins
Sickle Cell and Spherocytes
Plasma Viscosity
Temperature (Optimal: 22-27 C)
Inclination
Bubbles
Anticoagulant concentration
Vibration
Pregnancy
Thalassemia

59
Q

↑ or ↓:

ESR in old specimens (>2 hrs)

A

↓

60
Q

↑ or ↓:

ESR in all plasma proteins

A

↑

61
Q

↑ or ↓:

ESR in albumin

A

↓

62
Q

↑ or ↓:

More viscous will result to _ ESR

A

↓

62
Q

↑ or ↓:

Less viscous will result in _ ESR

A

↑

63
Q

↑ or ↓:

<22 C: _ ESR

A

↓

64
Q

↑ or ↓:

> 27 C: _ ESR

A

↑

65
Q

↑ or ↓:

ESR in inclination

A

↑

66
Q

↑ or ↓:

ESR in bubbles

A

↓

67
Q

↑ or ↓:

ESR in increased anticoagulant concentration

A

↓

68
Q

↑ or ↓:

ESR during vibration

A

↑

69
Q

↑ or ↓:

ESR during pregnancy

A

↑

70
Q

↑ or ↓:

ESR in the presence of thalassemia

A

↓

71
Q

Room temp

A

within 4 hours

72
Q

Refrigerator

A

within 24 hrs

73
Q

Increased plasma protein = _ ESR

A

increased

74
Q

High albumin = _ ESR

A

low

75
Q

T/F

Plasma protein is directly proportional to ESR

A

true

76
Q

T/F

Albumin is indirectly proportional to ESR

A

true

77
Q

Sickle cell found in _, _, _

A

HbSS, HbCS, HbAS

78
Q

In inclination,
Tilt (_°) up to _% error

A

3° up to 30% error

79
Q

T/F

top of Refrigerator: may cause a false increase in ESR
due to vibration and temperature

A

True

80
Q

Cell found in thalassemia

A
80
Q

The cells
found in thalassemia.

A

Target Cells, Mexican Hat Cells, Codocytes

HEMA LAB (1 decks)

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