ESE Flashcards
Advantages of wide row spacing
Decreased wear on machinery
Increased stubble handling-
Lower cost of machinery
Faster sowing as less soil thrown between rows
SOil water saved for later on- grain fillling
Use IBS herbicides at higher rates
Disadvantages of wider row spacing
Dec. yiled - not true, canola increased as more room
More evaporation
Slower ground cover
Dec. Fert applicaiton or band it
Reduced competitivness with weeds
Objectives of Crop rotation
Increase Structure and Fertility
Control weeds
Control Disease
Diversify products
Opportunity Cropping
Efficient use of resources
Stubble retention Benefits
Inc Moisture retention
Dec Erosion
Inc Nuts
Inc Structure
Inc Biota - earth worms
Inc Water infiltration
Environmntal - Increased air and water quality
Neg Stubble retention
Blockage at sowing
Dec weed control = herb resistance
Inc Disease
Lower soil temp
Dec N availability
Poor depth control
Poor emergence fro small seeds
Allelopathy
In crop management options
Sowing date
Variety
Density
Tillage/residue
Fertiliser
Plant protection
In crop managment that affects productivity and WUE
Establishment
- T O S
- Variety
- Fertiliser
- Tillage/retention
- Density
- Plant Protection
Canopy Development
- Fertiliser
- Crop Protection
Genes influence later on
4 reasons for traditional tillage
Prepare seedbed - Good seed-soil contact
Allow for water infiltration
Bury seeds to stimulate germination for later control
Decrease vegetation - interferes with sowing
Early Removal of lucerne
=greater yield and protein as N is mineralised over time
Also more water
CTF Benefits
11% compaction vs 75% for random and 45% tram lines
Better water infiltration
Time saving and less fatigue
Can go on field earlier after rain event
CTF Negatives
Barley grass in lanes, erosion on traffic lanes, lime incorporation, weed resistance
Stubble retention favours what
Annual Rye, sowthistle, mallow, silver grass
Disfavours wireweed, fumitory
Acidic soil affects what nutrients
Al Toxicity
Mn tox
Ca deff
Mo and Mg Deff
