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Earth Science 11 > ESC11A > Flashcards

ESC11A Flashcards

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1
Q

This division of Science is concerned with the description, prediction, and understanding of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation.

A

Natural Science

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2
Q

This division of Science is the application of existing scientific knowledge to practical application, like technology or inventions.

A

Applied Science

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3
Q

Investigates the nature of the planet and its development.

A

Earth Science

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4
Q

What are the studies that are under Earth Science?

A

Astronomy, Meteorology, Geography, Oceanography, Hydrology

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5
Q

It is the study of the universe.

A

Astronomy

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6
Q

It is a telescope in outer space to observe distant planets, galaxies, and other astronomical objects.

A

Hubble Telescope

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7
Q

What are the things used in Astronomy?

A

Space Telescope/Hubble Telescope, Satellite. Space Probes, Space Rovers

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8
Q

It is the study of Earth’s lower atmosphere. The chief concern of this field is understanding the weather and the most important features of the troposphere.

A

Meteorology

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9
Q

It is the study of solid earth, its interior, and its geologic past.

A

Geology

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10
Q

it is the study of the oceans. It deals with everything about the sea.

A

Oceanography

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11
Q

It is the study of water. It deals with the earth’s water, including those found in air, on the surface of the land, and those below the ground.

A

Hydrology

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12
Q

This allows the photosynthetic organisms to survive.

A

Liquid Water

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13
Q

What are the 2 possible sources of water?

A
  1. Water is released through volcanism.

2. Water came from the icy meteor of the outer regions of the solar system.

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14
Q

It is the heat that drives the different systems necessary to support life on earth.

A

Heat Source

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15
Q

What are the 2 sources of heat source?

A

Internal heating of the earth, external heating from the sun’s heat

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16
Q

It is caused by the radiogenic heat from the radioactive decay of materials in the core and mantle.

A

Internal heating of the earth

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17
Q

It is provided by the sun in the form of radiation.

A

External heating from the sun’s heat

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18
Q

These are the layers of gases that surrounds the earth.

A

Atmosphere

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19
Q

It is a natural process that maintains heat.

A

Greenhouse Phenomenon

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20
Q

It is a vital part of photosynthesis.

A

Atmosphere

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21
Q

The relationship between living organisms and the earth’s materials creates a what?

A

Interface

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22
Q

It is a point where two or more systems meet or interact.

A

Interface

23
Q

What are the 4 earth systems that interact?

A

Land, Air, Water, Life

24
Q

What are the 4 basic subsystems?

A

Geosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere, Biosphere

25
Q

It is composed of naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals, organic minerals, or natural glass, and particles of rock.

A

Geosphere

26
Q

It is the earth’s water, including the frozen part or the cryosphere.

A

Hydrosphere

27
Q

These are the mixture of gases that surrounds the planet.

A

Atmosphere

28
Q

What is the earth’s atmosphere composed of?

A

78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.9% argon, and 0.10% different traces of gases

29
Q

It includes all life foms.

A

Biosphere

30
Q

Characteristics of minerals

A

Naturally occurring, Inorganic, Solid, Has a definite chemical composition, Have ordered internal structure

31
Q

7 classes of minerals

A

Silicates, Oxides, Sulfides, Sulfates, Halides, Carbonates, Mineraloids

32
Q

It is the term used for those substances that don’t fit neatly into one of these 7 classes

A

Mineraloids

33
Q

A group of minerals made of carbon, oxygen, and a metallic element

A

Carbonates

34
Q

A large group of minerals that tend to be soft and translucent.

A

Sulfates

35
Q

Physical properties of minerals

A
  • Crystal Form and Habits
  • Cleavage and Fracture
  • Luster
  • Color and Streak
  • Hardness
  • Density
36
Q

Mineral breaks along a flat surface

A

Cleavage

37
Q

Mineral breaks with lots of jagged edges

A

Fracture

38
Q

a model that described all the processes by which rocks are formed, modified, transported, decomposed, melted, and reformed

A

Rock cycle

39
Q

What do you call the igneous rock that results in the information of crystals that are visible to the naked eye?

A

Intrusive or plutonic rock

40
Q

What do you call the igneous rock that results in the information of very small crystals?

A

Extrusive or volcanic

41
Q

Examples of clastic sedimentary rocks

A

shale, conglomerate, and sandstone

42
Q

the alternation of the composition of rock by heat, pressure

A

metamorphism

43
Q

are naturally occurring materials that can be profitably mined

A

ore

44
Q

the most common type of ore mineral deposits

A

hydrothermal fluid circulation

45
Q

the capacity or ability to do work

A

energy

46
Q

This law states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed

A

The Law of Conservation of Energy

47
Q

This leads to the alternation and crystallization of minerals

A

Metamorphic processes

48
Q

A special type of magma

A

Kimberlite magma

49
Q

can be replenished or regenerated on a human time scale

A

Renewable Sources of Energy

50
Q

cannot be replenished or regenerated on a human time scale

A

Nonrenewable Sources of Energy

51
Q

examples of Renewable Sources of Energy

A

geothermal, hydro power, wind power, solar, biomass

52
Q

examples of Nonrenewable Sources of Energy

A

nuclear, fossil fuels

53
Q

A form of energy which can be generated from almost any energy source

A

electricity

54
Q

presently the world’s primary energy sources

A

fossil fuel

Earth Science 11 (1 decks)

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