ESC11A Flashcards
This division of Science is concerned with the description, prediction, and understanding of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation.
Natural Science
This division of Science is the application of existing scientific knowledge to practical application, like technology or inventions.
Applied Science
Investigates the nature of the planet and its development.
Earth Science
What are the studies that are under Earth Science?
Astronomy, Meteorology, Geography, Oceanography, Hydrology
It is the study of the universe.
Astronomy
It is a telescope in outer space to observe distant planets, galaxies, and other astronomical objects.
Hubble Telescope
What are the things used in Astronomy?
Space Telescope/Hubble Telescope, Satellite. Space Probes, Space Rovers
It is the study of Earth’s lower atmosphere. The chief concern of this field is understanding the weather and the most important features of the troposphere.
Meteorology
It is the study of solid earth, its interior, and its geologic past.
Geology
it is the study of the oceans. It deals with everything about the sea.
Oceanography
It is the study of water. It deals with the earth’s water, including those found in air, on the surface of the land, and those below the ground.
Hydrology
This allows the photosynthetic organisms to survive.
Liquid Water
What are the 2 possible sources of water?
- Water is released through volcanism.
2. Water came from the icy meteor of the outer regions of the solar system.
It is the heat that drives the different systems necessary to support life on earth.
Heat Source
What are the 2 sources of heat source?
Internal heating of the earth, external heating from the sun’s heat
It is caused by the radiogenic heat from the radioactive decay of materials in the core and mantle.
Internal heating of the earth
It is provided by the sun in the form of radiation.
External heating from the sun’s heat
These are the layers of gases that surrounds the earth.
Atmosphere
It is a natural process that maintains heat.
Greenhouse Phenomenon
It is a vital part of photosynthesis.
Atmosphere
The relationship between living organisms and the earth’s materials creates a what?
Interface
It is a point where two or more systems meet or interact.
Interface
What are the 4 earth systems that interact?
Land, Air, Water, Life
What are the 4 basic subsystems?
Geosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere, Biosphere
It is composed of naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals, organic minerals, or natural glass, and particles of rock.
Geosphere
It is the earth’s water, including the frozen part or the cryosphere.
Hydrosphere
These are the mixture of gases that surrounds the planet.
Atmosphere
What is the earth’s atmosphere composed of?
78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.9% argon, and 0.10% different traces of gases
It includes all life foms.
Biosphere
Characteristics of minerals
Naturally occurring, Inorganic, Solid, Has a definite chemical composition, Have ordered internal structure
7 classes of minerals
Silicates, Oxides, Sulfides, Sulfates, Halides, Carbonates, Mineraloids
It is the term used for those substances that don’t fit neatly into one of these 7 classes
Mineraloids
A group of minerals made of carbon, oxygen, and a metallic element
Carbonates
A large group of minerals that tend to be soft and translucent.
Sulfates
Physical properties of minerals
- Crystal Form and Habits
- Cleavage and Fracture
- Luster
- Color and Streak
- Hardness
- Density
Mineral breaks along a flat surface
Cleavage
Mineral breaks with lots of jagged edges
Fracture
a model that described all the processes by which rocks are formed, modified, transported, decomposed, melted, and reformed
Rock cycle
What do you call the igneous rock that results in the information of crystals that are visible to the naked eye?
Intrusive or plutonic rock
What do you call the igneous rock that results in the information of very small crystals?
Extrusive or volcanic
Examples of clastic sedimentary rocks
shale, conglomerate, and sandstone
the alternation of the composition of rock by heat, pressure
metamorphism
are naturally occurring materials that can be profitably mined
ore
the most common type of ore mineral deposits
hydrothermal fluid circulation
the capacity or ability to do work
energy
This law states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed
The Law of Conservation of Energy
This leads to the alternation and crystallization of minerals
Metamorphic processes
A special type of magma
Kimberlite magma
can be replenished or regenerated on a human time scale
Renewable Sources of Energy
cannot be replenished or regenerated on a human time scale
Nonrenewable Sources of Energy
examples of Renewable Sources of Energy
geothermal, hydro power, wind power, solar, biomass
examples of Nonrenewable Sources of Energy
nuclear, fossil fuels
A form of energy which can be generated from almost any energy source
electricity
presently the world’s primary energy sources
fossil fuel
