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infection antimicrobials > Esa3 > Flashcards

Esa3 Flashcards

1
Q

Ipratropium.

A

Anticholinergics

Affect nicotinic and Muscurinic receptors and oreganglionic nerve terminal: reduced parasympathetic stimulation

E.g. In COPD, reduce smooth muscle contraction
Lots of side effects so not that great

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2
Q

Tiotropium

A

Anticholinergics

Affect nicotinic and Muscurinic receptors and oreganglionic nerve terminal: reduced parasympathetic stimulation

E.g. In COPD, reduce smooth muscle contraction
Lots of side effects so not that great

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3
Q

Theophylline and aminophylline

A

Methylxanthines

Anti IgE: mast cell stabilisers. Anti Inflammatory =
Also Bronchodilaton: inhibit phosphodiesterases (normally break down cAMP. Increased cAMP = bronchodilaton.

COPD and asthma

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4
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

Short term corticosteroid-
Asthma
Also prednisone

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5
Q

Flunisolide, triamicinolone, mometasone

A

Preventer corticosteroid

Asthma and COPD

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6
Q

Aformeterol, salmeterol

A

Long acting B2 agonists-

ASTHMA

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7
Q

Montelukast- leukotriene inhibitor

A

Oral medication.

Asthma

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8
Q

Carbocysteine,

A

Mucolytics
Break down and reduce thickness of sputum
COPD

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9
Q

Metaproterenol

A

b2 agonist
Avoid as loads of side effects
Asthma

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10
Q

Treat acute exacerbation of COPD

A

Nebulisers (bronchodilaton)
Oral steroids
Antibiotics if needed

Give O2 (only in acute, long term just makes it worse unless in long term oxygen therapy)
Repeat ABG
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11
Q

Treat pneumonia

A

Depends on curb 65
Supportive: fluids,oxygen and analgesics as appropriate
Antipyretic: reduce fever and malaise e.g. Paracetamol

Antibiotic:
CAP: pneumococcus: amoxicillin
HAP: Gram negative: co amoxiclav (IV)

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12
Q

Amoxicillin

A 
CAPneumonia- mild
Of normal causative organisms: 
- strep pneumoniae
-Haemophilus influenzae 
- klebsiella pneumoniae
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13
Q

Doxycycline

A

Tetracycline

Mild CAP
other infections…….

Tetracyclins so Target:

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14
Q

Erythromycin/clarithromycin

A

Mild CAP if allergy
Other uses: …….

Macrolides : target ….

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15
Q

Co amoxiclav

A

Used with clarithromycin and erythromycin –> CAP (moderate to severe - need admission)

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16
Q

Salbutamol

A

B2 agonist

Activates adenyl cyclase –> cAMP –> PKA –> phosphorylation of myosin light chain kinase –> relax SM = bronchodilaton

Asthma, and symptomatic relief in COPD

SE: tachycardia, tremor, palpating, hypokalaemia, anxiety

17
Q

Cahmpix- varenicline

A

Gum/patch in nicotine replacement therapy

  • reduce withdrawal discomfort
  • partial agonist, binds to nicotinic Ach receptors
18
Q

Rifampicin

A

Tb (4mths) as part of multi drug therapy

SE: Hepatitis, rash, flu like, shock, elevated serum tramsaminases, elevate metabolism of other drugs
Can be TB resistance.

19
Q

Isoniazid

A

TB treatment: 4 mths

SE
Rash, hepatitis, peripheral neuropathy

20
Q

Pyeazinamide

A

TB- 2months

21
Q

Ethambutol

A

TB : 2 months

SE: optic neuritis, visual disturbances, affect those with renal impairments

22
Q

Alternative TB treatments : 2nd line drugs

A

If resistance: e.g. multi drug resistant TB(no rifamycin or isoniazid) or
extremely drug resistant TB (no fluoroquinolones and >1 injectable)
- use 4/5 drugs but for longer

Quinolones (MDR): moxifloxacin, levofloxacin
injectables: caoreomycin, kanamycin, macrolides (azithrromycin, clarithromycin),

23
Q

Pifenidone

A

Can be used to treat fibrosising alveolitis.
High dose oral steroids help initially

Nintedanib= new therapy

24
Q

Omeprazole

A

PPI

GORD

25
Q

Cimetidine

Ranitidine

A

H2 antagonists
- reduce HCL production
GORD

26
Q

Alignates

A

Antacids e,g, gaviscon

GORD treatment

27
Q

Calcium carbonate

A

Antacid: GORD treatment

28
Q

H pylori treatment

A

Amoxicillin/clarithromycin

If peptic ulcers then triple therapy

  • PPI, Omeprazole
  • H2 antagonist , cimetidine
  • antibiotic
  • stop/review NSAID treatment
  • endoscopy if bleeding- cancer?
29
Q

Sulphasalazine

A

Amino salicylates:

Long term management for ulcerative colitis (or crohns)

30
Q

Cephalosporin

A

Broad spectrum antibiotic
- good for anaerobes: so anything colon related normally
Prophylaxis in gut surgery (dirty surgery)

31
Q

Metroniadozole

A

Anaerobic infection: colon surgery

infection antimicrobials (3 decks)

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