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Chem 3: Elements of the Sea > ES2: Redox > Flashcards

ES2: Redox Flashcards

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1
Q

Define “oxidation”

A

The loss of electrons or the gain of oxygen

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2
Q

Is hydrogen removed or gained in oxidation?

A

Removed

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3
Q

Give the general equation for oxidation.

A

K===> K+ + e-

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4
Q

Is there an increase or a decrease in oxidation numbers during oxidation?

A

Increase

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5
Q

Define “reduction”

A

The gain of electrons or the loss of oxygen

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6
Q

Is hydrogen removed or gained in reduction?

A

Gained

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7
Q

Give the general equation for reduction.

A

K+ + e- ===> K

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8
Q

Is there an increase or a decrease in oxidation numbers during oxidation?

A

Decrease

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9
Q

What is a redox reaction?

A
  • A reaction where electrons are being transferred

- Reduction and oxidation take place simultaneously

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10
Q

What is a reducing agent?

A

A substance which donates electrons and becomes oxidised as it reduces another species

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11
Q

What is an oxidising agent?

A

A substance which accepts electrons and becomes reduced as it oxidises another species

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12
Q

Why do elements in diatomic molecules have an oxidation state of 0?

A

They haven’t accepted/donated any electrons

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13
Q

What oxidation state do elements in diatomic molecules have?

A

0

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14
Q

What oxidation state does fluorine have?

A

-1

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15
Q

What oxidation state does chlorine have?

A

-1 (except with O or F)

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16
Q

What oxidation state does oxygen have?

A

-2 (except with F or a peroxide)

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17
Q

What oxidation state does bromine have?

A

-1 (except with O, F or Cl)

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18
Q

What oxidation state does iodine have?

A

-1 (except with O,F,Cl or Br)

19
Q

What oxidation state does hydrogen have?

A

+1 (except with metals)

20
Q

What oxidation state do Group 1 metals have?

A

+1

21
Q

What oxidation state do Group 2 metals have?

A

+2

22
Q

What oxidation state does aluminium have?

A

+3

23
Q

What oxidation state do compounds have overall?

A

0

24
Q

What oxidation state do ions have?

A

The same as its charge

25
Q

How do you work out the oxidation state in a complex ion/compound?

A
  • Multiply the oxidation number by the number of atoms present
  • Minus this value from the overall charge
26
Q

What elements have systematic names?

A
  • Transition metals e.g lead

- Halogens

27
Q

How do you work out a compound’s systematic name?

A
  • Find which element has the variable oxidation state

- Work out its oxidation number

28
Q

What is an oxyanion?

A

A negative ion with oxygen in it

29
Q

What is a chlorate?

A

A compound made up of chlorine and oxygen ions

30
Q

What is the formula for a nitrate?

A

NO3-

31
Q

What is the oxidation state of a nitrate?

A

-1

32
Q

What is the formula for a sulfate?

A

SO4^2-

33
Q

What is the oxidation state of a sulfate?

A

-2

34
Q

What is the formula for a carbonate?

A

CO3^-2

35
Q

What is the oxidation state of a carbonate?

A

-2

36
Q

What is the formula of a hydroxide?

A

OH-

37
Q

What is the oxidation state of a hydroxide?

A

-1

38
Q

What is the formula of an ammonium ion?

A

NH4+

39
Q

What is the oxidation state of an ammonium ion?

A

+1

40
Q

What is the formula of a hydrogencarbonate?

A

HCO3-

41
Q

What is the oxidation state of a hydrogencarbonate?

A

-1

42
Q

What is the formula of a sulfide?

A

S^2-

43
Q

What is the oxidation state of a sulfide?

A

-2

Chem 3: Elements of the Sea (7 decks)

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