ES.1 Flashcards

Chemistry of the halogens

1
Q

What are halogens?

A

Halogens are elements from group 7 of the periodic table.

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2
Q

What are two ways halogen atoms can achieve its stability by?

A
  1. Gain an electron from a metal atom to form a hallide ion in an ionic compound.
  2. Share an electron with a non-metal atom to form a covalently bonded compound. (They also form diatomic molecules with another atom of the same element.)
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3
Q

Describe the appearances of the first four halogens at room temperature.

A

Fluorine: pale yellow gas.
Chlorine: green gas.
Bromine: dark red volatile liquid.
Iodine: shiny grey solid, sumblimes to give purple vapour when heated.

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4
Q

List trends of properties as you go down the group. (3p)

A
  • Higher melting and boiling points (bigger id-id intermolecular forces).
  • Less volatile.
  • Less reactive.
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5
Q

What can you say about the solubility of halogens? (3p)

A
  • Halogens are generally not very soluble in water.
  • Fluorine reacts with water.
  • Halogens are generally quite soluble in organic solvents.
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6
Q

What is halogens often refer to as in a redox reaction?

A

The oxidising agent.

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7
Q

What is it called when an atom loses an electron?

A

We say it is oxidised.

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8
Q

What is it called when an atom gains an electron?

A

We say it is reduced.

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9
Q

What are the ions called that are left out of the ionic equation of a reaction because they are unchanged?

A

Spectator ions.

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10
Q

What is it meant by a displacement reaction?

A

This is when a halogen displaces a less reactive halogen from a compound.

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11
Q

What is it meant by a redox reaction?

A

This is when both oxidation and reduction have occurred in the same reaction.

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12
Q

What are three things you can say to summarise the reaction of halogens and hallide ions?

A
  1. Reactivity decreases down the group.
  2. The strongest oxidising agent is fluorine.
  3. A halogen displaces a less reactive halogen.
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13
Q

How can you make it easier to distinguish the difference between the silver hallide percipitates instead of just looking at colours?

A

Add ammonia solution and look at the solubility of the percipitates. Silver chloride is most soluble in ammonia.
Silver chloride > silver bromide > silver iodide

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