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Adv Hematology > Erythropoiesis (Schalm 19) > Flashcards

Erythropoiesis (Schalm 19) Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 7 stages of erythroid precursors as used in veterinary terminology

A

Rubriblast
Prorubricyte
Basophilic rubricyte
Polychromatophilic rubricyte
Metarubricyte
Reticulocyte
Erythrocyte

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2
Q

What species typically only have circulating reticulocytes during a regenerative response? Which species rarely have circulating reticulocytes, even with a regenerative response?

A

Ruminants typically only have retics during regeneration (cows, goats, sheep)
Horses typically have no circulating retics even during regeneration

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3
Q

What is the principle hormonal regulator of erythropoiesis? Where is it produced?

A

Erythropoietin
Produced by peritubular interstitial fibroblasts in the kidney

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4
Q

How does hypoxia unregulate EPO?

A

Hypoxia allows accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factors 1 and 2 (HIF-1, HIF-2), which bind a responsive element in the EPO gene.

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5
Q

Recombinant human EPO may support proliferation of erythroid progenitors in which species?

A

EPO is highly conserved among species
Horses and cats (among others)

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6
Q

EPO receptor (EPOR) is mediated through what phosphokinase?

A

Janus kinase 2

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7
Q

EPO receptor (EPOR) is mediated through what phosphokinase?

A

Janus kinase 2

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8
Q

What is the receptor for stem cell factor? How does it affect erythropoiesis?

A

CD117 (c-Kit)
SCF enhances EPO activity on BFU-E

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9
Q

How does IL-3 affect erythropoiesis?

A

IL-3 acts on hematopoietic stem cells to induce proliferation and self-renewal. It also primes progenitor cells to respond more vigorously to EPO.

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10
Q

How does thrombopoietin affect erythropoiesis?

A

TPO acts as a costimulatory agent with EPO, supporting proliferation and maintenance of erythroid progenitors cells

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11
Q

How do glucocorticoids affect erythropoiesis?

A

They enhance erythroid colony formation, stimulating progenitor proliferation and inhibiting differentiation.

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12
Q

What are three humoral inhibitors of erythropoiesis?

A

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
IL-1
Interferon gamma

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13
Q

How do erythroid cells bind to macrophages in erythroblastic islands?

A

Erythroblast macrophage protein (EMP)
Very late antigen 4 (VLA-4)
Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-4, binds VCAM-1 on macrophages)

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14
Q

How long do reticulocytes mature in the bone marrow prior to release into circulation in most species?

A

2-3 days

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Adv Hematology (7 decks)

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