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RESET - HEMA > ERYTHROKINETICS > Flashcards

ERYTHROKINETICS Flashcards

1
Q

Dynamics of RBC production and destruction

A

ERYTHROKINETICS

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2
Q

Collection of all stages of RBC throughout the body in the BM, PB, vascular spaces within
organs

A

Erythron

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3
Q

refers only to the cells in circulation

A

RBC mass

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4
Q

STIMULUS TO RED BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION

A

HYPOXIA

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5
Q

Primary oxygen-sensing system LOC

A

Peritubular fibroblast of the kidney

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6
Q

Ability to sense whether there is adequate O2 supply to the tissues; once inadequacy of
O2 supply is detected, they influence/trigger EPO production

A

Primary oxygen-sensing system

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7
Q

First human hematopoietic growth factor to be identified

A

Erythropoietin

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8
Q

Gene for EPO is located at

A

chromosome 7

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9
Q

EPO Mediated by

A

GATA1

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10
Q

primary source of EPO

A

Kidneys (peritubular interstitial cells)

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11
Q

also secretes EPO (10%-15%) | primary source of EPO in the unborn

A

Liver

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12
Q

Thermostable, nondialyzable, glycoprotein hormone that has carbohydrate unit & terminal
sialic acid unit

A

EPO Structure

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13
Q

EPO MW

A

34 kD

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14
Q

Promotes early release of reticulocytes from the BM

A

SHIFT/ STRESS RETICS

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15
Q

major way in which EPO increases RBC mass

A

Prevents apoptotic cell death

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16
Q

ERYTHROCYTE DESTRUCTION

A

ERYPTOSIS

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17
Q

process of cellular aging

A

Senescence

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18
Q

Changes that occur as the RBC ages

A

Alteration in the membrane
↓ ATP levels
↑ calcium
Appearance of senescent antigen
↓ pH

19
Q

Alteration in the membrane is caused by

A

loss of sialic acid and lipids

20
Q

↓ ATP levels due to loss of

A

glycolytic enzymes

21
Q

This makes RBCs more susceptible to destruction

A

Appearance of senescent antigen

22
Q

This promotes iron oxidation

A

↓ pH

23
Q

Extravascular Hemolysis

A

Macrophage-Mediated Hemolysis

24
Q

Fragmentation or Intravascular Hemolysis

A

Mechanical Hemolysis

25
Q

RBC destruction outside blood vessel by splenic macrophage

A

Macrophage-Mediated Hemolysis

26
Q

90% of aged red cell destruction

A

Macrophage-Mediated Hemolysis

27
Q
  1. ↑ total bilirubin and indirect
    (unconjugated) bilirubin
  2. Slightly ↑ lactate dehydrogenase activity
  3. Sightly ↓ haptoglobin and hemopexin
  4. Slightly ↑ free hemoglobin
A

Serum samples of Macrophage-Mediated Hemolysis

28
Q
  1. ↑ total bilirubin and indirect
    (unconjugated) bilirubin
  2. ↑ lactate dehydrogenase activity
  3. ↓ haptoglobin and hemopexin
  4. ↑ free hemoglobin
A

Serum of Mechanical Hemolysis

29
Q
  1. ↑ urobilinogen
  2. Free hemoglobin: Negative
  3. Methemoglobin: Negative
A

Urine sample of Macrophage-Mediated Hemolysis

30
Q
  1. ↑ urobilinogen
  2. Free hemoglobin: Positive
  3. Methemoglobin: Positive
A

Urine sample of Mechanical Hemolysis

31
Q
  • Spherocytes are often present
A

Macrophage-Mediated Hemolysis

32
Q

Associated with Rh incompatibility

A

Macrophage-Mediated Hemolysis

33
Q

RBC rupture within the blood vessel

A

Mechanical Hemolysis

34
Q

10% of aged red cell destruction

A

Mechanical Hemolysis

35
Q

Schistocytes are often present

A

Mechanical Hemolysis

36
Q

Associated with ABO incompatibility

A

Mechanical Hemolysis

37
Q

In intravascular hemolysis, the rupture of RBCs results in the release of RBC contents (particularly hemoglobin) which leads to the presence of

A

free plasma hemoglobin.

38
Q

Three ways to salvage free plasma hemoglobin:

A

binding of haptoglobin to free plasma
hemoglobin

binding of hemopexin to metheme

metheme binds to albumin (temporarily)

39
Q

Heme portion of methemoglobin is called

A

metheme/hemin

40
Q

ATP dependent enzyme in rbc example

A

sodium potassium atpase
calcium pump

41
Q

Spheroid rbcs would be trapped in what part of the spleen

A

Splenic sieve

42
Q

Protoporphyrin is metabolized into what

A

Bilirubin

43
Q

Globin portion would be degraded into

A

Amino acids

44
Q

Another organ that plays an active role in the removal of severely damaged RBCs

A

Liver

RESET - HEMA (3 decks)

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