erythrocytic disorders Flashcards
1
Q
erythrocytic disorders may be due to
A
alterations in number
abnormality in morphology
2
Q
reduction in the concentration og hgb or hct level in the peripheral blood below normal
A
anemia
3
Q
causes of anemia
A
impaired red cell prod
blood loss
inc. rbs destruction (destruction > production)
4
Q
anemia panel
A
cbc with indices retic osmotic frag sucrose hemo ham's iron tibc ferritin b12 folate electrophoresis
5
Q
expected cbc results in anemia
A
dec. hct hgc rbc count
6
Q
expected cbc indices in anemia
A
de. mcv mch mchc
7
Q
average volume of individual rbc, classification into micro macro normocytic
A
MCV
8
Q
mcv formula
A
hct/rbc x 10
9
Q
mcv for normocytic cells
A
82-92 fL
10
Q
microcytic cells seen in
A
IDA
secondary anemia
11
Q
macrocytic cells see in
A
b12 def
folate def
12
Q
pathologic variation in cell size
A
anisocytosis
13
Q
amount of hgb by weight in an average rbc, classification into hypo hyper normochromic
A
MCH
14
Q
mch formula
A
hgb/rbc x 10
15
Q
NV for mch
A
27-31 ug
16
Q
concentration of hgb in an average rbc
A
mchc
17
Q
mchc formula
A
hgb/hct x 100
18
Q
NV for mchc
A
33-38%
19
Q
conditions associated with changes in hgb content
A
hypo hyper aniso polychromasia
20
Q
dec in hgb cocn thus giving a central pallor to the red cell s exceeding half of the diameter
A
hypochromasia
21
Q
hypochromasia seen in
A
IDA
thalassemia
22
Q
stains unequally with only a proportion of the cells appearing hypochromic
A
anisochromasia
23
Q
anisochromasia seen in
A
after transfusion in IDA patients
24
Q
unusual deep staining of the rbc, no central pallor
A
hyperchromasia
25
rbc takes a slightly basophilic hue having a bluegray coloration with the presence of rNA
polytchromasia
26
presence of rna in rbc indicates
rbc delivered prematurely into circu
27
polychromasia seen in
inc erythropoietic activity
hemorrhage
hemolysis
28
variation in shape of rbc
poikilocytosis
29
inc. pilikilocytosis is indicative of
abnormal erythropoiesis
30
inc. poikilocytosis may be due to
bone marrow deficit
| abnormal rbc destruction
31
spherocytes are seen in
HS
immune induced hemolysis
post transfusion
32
defect in shape in spherocytes are due to
low surface area to volume ratio
| loss of membrane function
33
regular small tipped p[rojection all around the cell
echinocyte
34
defects of echinocytes are in
depletion of atp
exposure to hypertonic sol
artifact in airdrying
35
echinocytes seen in
```
very anemic
uremia
cirrhosis
hepatitis
chrinic renal failure
```
36
spheroid with irregular spike spicules
acanthocyte
37
cause of acnthocyte
increased chole to lecithin ratio
38
acanthocytes seen in
congenital or acquired abetalipoproteinemia
hemolytic anemia
end stage liver dse
pyruvate kinase def
39
red cell fragments
schistocytes
40
defects in schistocyte may be due to
fibrin
prosthetic valves
alterd blood vessel walls
41
schistocyets seen in
DIC
TTP
burns
microangiopathoc hemolytic anemia
42
egglike or oval shaped wider than elliptocytes
ovalocytes
43
defect in ovalocytes
dec chole
| hgb has bipolar arrangement
44
ovalocytes seen in
megaloblastic bone marrow
myelodysplasia
sickle cell anemia
45
abnormally thin cell resembling a target
target cell/codocyte
46
target cells seen in
thalssemia major
obstructive jaundice
hb SC dse
LCAT
47
rbc with central stroma or mouth which appear as am unstained central biconcave area
stomatocytes
48
defects in stomatocytes due to
slow drying artifact
| increased permeability to sodium
49
stomatocytes seen in
h. stomatocytosis
acute alcoholism
liver dse
50
crescent shaped cell that lacks zone of central pallor
sickle cell/drepanocyte
51
defect in sickle cell is due to
plymerization of deoxygenatiod hgb
52
drepanocytes seen in
sickle cell anemia
sickle thalassemia
sickle cell dse
53
teardrop shaped with single elongated point
dacryocyte
54
defect in dacryocyte is due to
squeezing and fragmentation during spleenic passage
55
dacryocyte seen in
myeloid metaplasia
thalassemia
megaloblastic
hypersplenism
56
rod or cigar shaped
elliptocytes
57
defect in elliptocytes due to
polarization of hgb
58
elliptocytes seen is
HE
thalassemia
IDA
59
fine or coarse gray-black granules in rbcs
basophilic stipplings
60
basophilic stipplings seen in
lead poisoning
thalassemia
heavy metals
inc retics
61
coarse round densely stained granules eccentrically
howell-joll ly bodies
62
remnants of nuclear chromatin within the rbc containing dna
howell jolly
63
red violet structures appearing as ring, incomplete figure of 8
cabot ring
64
howell jolly bosies seen in
megalo
severe homylsis
thalass
accel erythropoi
65
remnants of microtubules of mitotic spindle
cabot eings
66
cabot rings seen in
severe anemia
67
nonnucleated rbc containing bright blue nonhgb iron granules
siderocyres
68
defect in siderocytes are due to
excessive iron overloading in mitochondria of normoblast
| defective hene synth
69
siderocytes seen in
hemolytic anemia
| after splenectomy
70
retic formula
retic counted/1000 rbc x 100
71
NV retic
.5-1.5%
72
rgt in osmotic frag test
hypotonic sol
73
used to diagnsoe PNH hypoplastic anemia megaloblastic anemia
sucrose hemolysis
74
for definitive diagnosis of PNH
ham's acidified serum test
75
PNH cells are unusually susceptible ti
complement
76
spx for iron studies
morning spx red top tube
77
NV for iron
.5-17 ug/dl
78
decreased iron values seen in
```
mens
preg
infalmmm
MI
malig
IDA
```
79
Inc iron val seen in
hepa
oral contra
inc ingestion
80
only vitain exclusively synthesized y microorganism
vit12 cobalamine
81
NV for cobalamine
200-900 ng/L (pg/ml)
82
cobalamine deficiency is caused by
inadequate intake
gastrectomy (no intrinsic factor)
pernicios anemia
defective absorption
83
diagnostic procedures for cobalamine
serum b12 assay
therapeutic trial
urinary methyl maloric assay
deoxyuridine suppresion test
84
iron is deposited in tissues as iron oxide granules called
hemosiderin
85
ferritin NV adult
12-300 ug/L
86
ferritin NV infant
1-142 ug/L
87
folic acid NV
5-21 ng/mL
88
cobalamine deficiency can also be seen in folate def except in
leukopenia
| thrombocytopenia
89
needed for folate def diagnosis thru lab methods
serum folic acid
serum folate
red cell folate
90
urine testing for hemolytic dse
urobil
urobilin
urine hgb
91
special testing for hemolytic anemia
plasma hgb
bilirubin fractionation
DAT
92
tests if congenital anemia is suspected
```
osmo frag
autohgemoylsis
g6pd
gluta stability
hgb electrophoresis and hgbF
heinz body stain
```
93
intended for electrophoresis separation of human hgb to screenfor clinically imporatnt variants
paragon hgb electrophoresis
