Erythrocyte Physiology

Question 1

4 functions of blood?

Answer 1

deliver nutrients, remove waste, hemostasis (hormones, thermoreg), immunity

Question 2

3 layers of centrifuged blood?

Answer 2

plasma, WBC, formed elements

Question 3

what’s contained within plasma?

Answer 3

electrolytes, proteins, small organic molecules, lipids

Question 4

what are the proteins carried in plasma? where are they made?

Answer 4

albumin, globulin, enzymes; liver

Question 5

what is the norm hematocrit level for women?

Answer 5

35-45%

Question 6

what is the norm hematocrit for men?

Answer 6

40-50%

Question 7

where does erythropoiesis take place?

Answer 7

bone marrow

Question 8

what is the primary organ that senses oxygen levels? secondary?

Answer 8

kidneys; liver

Question 9

HIF leads to the production of what?

Answer 9

EPO (and transferrin)

Question 10

function of transferrin?

Answer 10

transports oxygen in blood

Question 11

what kind of pathway is the receptor for EPO connected to

Answer 11

Jak2/Stat5

Question 12

EPO does what 2 functions?

Answer 12

stem cell activation into proerythroblasts; increase maturation rate of committed erythrocytic precursors

Question 13

what are the requirements for erythropoiesis?

Answer 13

general nutrition, iron availability, vit B12, folic acid

Question 14

what anemia occurs with iron deficiency?

Answer 14

microcytic anemia

Question 15

what is required for B12 absorption?

Answer 15

Intrinsic factor

Question 16

what kind of anemia results due to B12 def?

Answer 16

pernicious, macrocytic

Question 17

what kind of anemia results due to folate def?

Answer 17

macrocytic

Question 18

how many mL oxygen can be carried by 1 gm of Hb?

Answer 18

1.34

Question 19

normal person has how many grams Hb?

Answer 19

15

Question 20

norm person carries how much oxygen?

Answer 20

20.1 mL O2/1 dL blood

Question 21

oxygen content is equal to?

Answer 21

oxygen capacity x % saturation

Question 22

what kind of glycolysis is used by RBCs?

Answer 22

anaerobic

Question 23

what does ATP get used for in RBCs?

Answer 23

flexibility of membrane, ion transport, maintain Fe2+ (instead of Fe3+), prevent oxidation of Hb

Question 24

two processes to destroy RBCs?

Answer 24

Hemolysis: rupture of cell
Phagocytosis: spleen or macrophages (iron recycled and heme broken down to bilirubin)

Question 25

what are some other causes of anemia?

Answer 25

kidney damage, bone marrow damage

Question 26

what is polycythemia vera?

Answer 26

overproduction of RBCs by bone marrow, mutation in receptor for thrombopoietin

Question 27

secondary polycytemia can be due to?

Answer 27

altitude or heart/lung dz