Erythrocyte

Question 1

Average MCV of RBC

Answer 1

90fL

Question 2

Surface of RBC

Answer 2

140 um2

Question 3

The narrowest capillary diameter that RBC can pass through?

Answer 3

2.5 times smaller of RBC’s diameter

Question 4

How does viscosity change when MCHC increase?

Answer 4

MCHC increase: Viscosity increase (Deformability decrease)

Question 5

The percentage of each composition of RBC Membrane?

Answer 5

Lipid: 40%
Protein: 50%
Carbohydrate: 10%

Question 6

What determines ABO group?

Answer 6

Carbohydrates

Question 7

The outer later of Phospholipid membrane

Answer 7

Phosphatidyl Choline and Sphingomyelin

Question 8

Inner layer of Phospholipid Membrane

Answer 8

Phosphatidyl Serine 28%

Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine 14%

Question 9

Where does Cholesterol locate in RBC?

Answer 9

Esterified Cholesterol locate between the phospholipid layer

Unesterified Cholesterol locate in the plasma (1:1 with membrane cholesterol)

Question 10

Name key Integral Proteins

Answer 10

1. Aquaporin 5%
2. Band 3 (anion transporter) 25%
3. Glycophorin

Question 11

Function of Aquaporin

Answer 11

Allow water cross freely when osmotic changes

HCO3 and Cl - also across

Question 12

Active transporters include?

Answer 12

Na+ pump keep the ration (1:12 in:out)
K+ pump keep the ration (25:1 in:out)
Ca+ pump keep Ca inside low

Question 13

What controls function of Ca2+ pump?

Answer 13

Calmodulin and Cytoplasmic Ca2+ binding protein.

Question 14

Function of band3 protein

Answer 14

1. Anion transporter
2. Interact with skeleton (Ankyrin, Protein 4.2 and secondarily Protein 4.1)
3. Prevention of surface loss.

Question 15

What makes RBC negative charge?

Answer 15

Sialic acid-rich glycophorins

Question 16

Structure of Glycophorin

Answer 16

Single spanning alpha helix

Question 17

Function of Glycophorin

Answer 17

1. Glycophorin A & B: Carry blood group

2. Glycophorin C (protein 4.1 and p55): Maintain cell shape

Question 18

Peripheral Protein

Skeleton

Answer 18

1. Spectrin alpha, beta
2. Ankyrin
3. Protein 4.1
4. Pallidin (band 4.2)

Question 19

Spectrin structure

Answer 19

2 subunits: alpha and beta entwined to form a dimer

Flexible, rod-like, 100nm

Question 20

Function of Spectrin

Answer 20

Make RBC biconcave shape

Bind Ankyrin at C terminus (connect to Band 3) and 4.1 Protein (connect to Glycophorin C)

Question 21

Function of Ankyrin

Answer 21

Interacts with:

• Band 3
• Spectrin
• Protein 4.2

Question 22

The cause of Target Cells

Answer 22

Incr RBC surface
Decr Hgb content
Decr Osmotic fragility (easy to break) due to the incre of S/V

Question 23

What lead to Target cell?

Answer 23

Liver disease (incre Cholesterol/phopholipid)
Thalassemia
Hemoglobin C

Question 24

The cause of Acanthocytes

Answer 24

No Apoprotein B

Cholesterol, Triglyceride decre + Sphingomyelin incre.

Question 25

Affect of Acanthocytes

Answer 25

Decre of membrane fluidity

Question 26

What is “Spur cell Anemia”?

Answer 26

Hemolytic anemia in Severe Chronic Liver Disease (CLD)

Question 27

What happens in Spur Cell Anemia?

Answer 27

Free plasma cholesterol (increase) accumulate and equilibrate membrane cholesterol —> Splenic remodeling of RBC: spheroidal, longer projection, poorly deformable.

Question 28

Treatment for Spur cell anemia

Answer 28

Resolve CLD and spenectomy (remove spleen)

Question 29

The cause of Stomatocyte (uniconcave)

Answer 29

1. Hereditary - Dehydration (decre ions and cell volume) - Overhydration (incre ions and cell volume) 2. Acquired - Decre cell membrane - Qualitative change in cell membrane composition

Question 30

Can Stomatocytes be found in healthy people?

Answer 30

Yes, up to 3%

Question 31

What is Spherocytosis and Elliptocytosis?

Answer 31

Disease caused by Membrane Protein Mutation.

Question 32

What proteins mutated in Spherocytosis

Answer 32

``` Autosomal dominant mutations affect: Band 3 Ankyrin Protein 4.2 Spectrin —> Vertical anchorages Disruption. ```

Question 33

What protein affected in Elliptocytosis?

Answer 33

Mutation to Spectrin + protein 4.1 complex | —> Horizontal disruption

Question 34

Affect of Spherocytosis

Answer 34

Results in loss of lipid membrane support —> loss lipid membrane —> decrease ratio surface/volume

Question 35

What is cation concentration in Spherocytes?

Answer 35

Abnormal permeability of cation: Higher intra Na+ Lower intra K+ Eventually removed by Spleen.

Question 36

Where Ellipcytosis has high prevalence?

Answer 36

West Africa and South East Asia

Question 37

Where can Tear Drop cells be found?

Answer 37

Myelofibrosis Pernicious Anemia Myeloid Metaplasia Hemolytic Anemia

Question 38

What cause Tear drop cells

Answer 38

External disruption of membrane

Question 39

Blister Cells and Bite cells

Answer 39

Oxidant induced hemolytic anemia | G6PD Deficiency

Question 40

How Blister cells formed?

Answer 40

Spleen remove Heinz body (caused by denatured Hgb) and creating Blister cell.