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Hematology 430 > Erythrocyte > Flashcards

Erythrocyte Flashcards

1
Q

Average MCV of RBC

A

90fL

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2
Q

Surface of RBC

A

140 um2

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3
Q

The narrowest capillary diameter that RBC can pass through?

A

2.5 times smaller of RBC’s diameter

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4
Q

How does viscosity change when MCHC increase?

A

MCHC increase: Viscosity increase (Deformability decrease)

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5
Q

The percentage of each composition of RBC Membrane?

A

Lipid: 40%
Protein: 50%
Carbohydrate: 10%

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6
Q

What determines ABO group?

A

Carbohydrates

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7
Q

The outer later of Phospholipid membrane

A

Phosphatidyl Choline and Sphingomyelin

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8
Q

Inner layer of Phospholipid Membrane

A

Phosphatidyl Serine 28%

Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine 14%

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9
Q

Where does Cholesterol locate in RBC?

A

Esterified Cholesterol locate between the phospholipid layer

Unesterified Cholesterol locate in the plasma (1:1 with membrane cholesterol)

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10
Q

Name key Integral Proteins

A
  1. Aquaporin 5%
  2. Band 3 (anion transporter) 25%
  3. Glycophorin
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11
Q

Function of Aquaporin

A

Allow water cross freely when osmotic changes

HCO3 and Cl - also across

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12
Q

Active transporters include?

A

Na+ pump keep the ration (1:12 in:out)
K+ pump keep the ration (25:1 in:out)
Ca+ pump keep Ca inside low

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13
Q

What controls function of Ca2+ pump?

A

Calmodulin and Cytoplasmic Ca2+ binding protein.

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14
Q

Function of band3 protein

A
  1. Anion transporter
  2. Interact with skeleton (Ankyrin, Protein 4.2 and secondarily Protein 4.1)
  3. Prevention of surface loss.
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15
Q

What makes RBC negative charge?

A

Sialic acid-rich glycophorins

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16
Q

Structure of Glycophorin

A

Single spanning alpha helix

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17
Q

Function of Glycophorin

A
  1. Glycophorin A & B: Carry blood group

2. Glycophorin C (protein 4.1 and p55): Maintain cell shape

18
Q

Peripheral Protein

Skeleton

A
  1. Spectrin alpha, beta
  2. Ankyrin
  3. Protein 4.1
  4. Pallidin (band 4.2)
19
Q

Spectrin structure

A

2 subunits: alpha and beta entwined to form a dimer

Flexible, rod-like, 100nm

20
Q

Function of Spectrin

A

Make RBC biconcave shape

Bind Ankyrin at C terminus (connect to Band 3) and 4.1 Protein (connect to Glycophorin C)

21
Q

Function of Ankyrin

A

Interacts with:

  • Band 3
  • Spectrin
  • Protein 4.2
22
Q

The cause of Target Cells

A

Incr RBC surface
Decr Hgb content
Decr Osmotic fragility (easy to break) due to the incre of S/V

23
Q

What lead to Target cell?

A

Liver disease (incre Cholesterol/phopholipid)
Thalassemia
Hemoglobin C

24
Q

The cause of Acanthocytes

A

No Apoprotein B

Cholesterol, Triglyceride decre + Sphingomyelin incre.

25
Q

Affect of Acanthocytes

A

Decre of membrane fluidity

26
Q

What is “Spur cell Anemia”?

A

Hemolytic anemia in Severe Chronic Liver Disease (CLD)

27
Q

What happens in Spur Cell Anemia?

A

Free plasma cholesterol (increase) accumulate and equilibrate membrane cholesterol
—> Splenic remodeling of RBC:
spheroidal, longer projection, poorly deformable.

28
Q

Treatment for Spur cell anemia

A

Resolve CLD and spenectomy (remove spleen)

29
Q

The cause of Stomatocyte (uniconcave)

A
  1. Hereditary
    - Dehydration (decre ions and cell volume)
    - Overhydration (incre ions and cell volume)
  2. Acquired
    - Decre cell membrane
    - Qualitative change in cell membrane composition
30
Q

Can Stomatocytes be found in healthy people?

A

Yes, up to 3%

31
Q

What is Spherocytosis and Elliptocytosis?

A

Disease caused by Membrane Protein Mutation.

32
Q

What proteins mutated in Spherocytosis

A 
Autosomal dominant mutations affect:
Band 3
Ankyrin
Protein 4.2
Spectrin
—> Vertical anchorages Disruption.
33
Q

What protein affected in Elliptocytosis?

A

Mutation to Spectrin + protein 4.1 complex

—> Horizontal disruption

34
Q

Affect of Spherocytosis

A

Results in loss of lipid membrane support —> loss lipid membrane —> decrease ratio surface/volume

35
Q

What is cation concentration in Spherocytes?

A

Abnormal permeability of cation:
Higher intra Na+
Lower intra K+

Eventually removed by Spleen.

36
Q

Where Ellipcytosis has high prevalence?

A

West Africa and South East Asia

37
Q

Where can Tear Drop cells be found?

A

Myelofibrosis
Pernicious Anemia
Myeloid Metaplasia
Hemolytic Anemia

38
Q

What cause Tear drop cells

A

External disruption of membrane

39
Q

Blister Cells and Bite cells

A

Oxidant induced hemolytic anemia

G6PD Deficiency

40
Q

How Blister cells formed?

A

Spleen remove Heinz body (caused by denatured Hgb) and creating Blister cell.

Hematology 430 (3 decks)

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